History of England/Timelines: Difference between revisions
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(Sources in addition to those shown: Bernard Grun ''The Timetables of History'', Simon & Schuster, 1991; Norman Davies: ''The Isles, A History'', Appendix 42, Macmillan 1999; ''Key Dates of Parliament'', House of Commons, 2008.[[http://www.parliament.uk/about/history/keydates_1215_1900.cfm]]; .Chris Scarre (ed) ''The Human Past'', Thames and Hudson, 2005.) | |||
{{TOC-right}} | |||
==Prehistory== | |||
: Canyon Cave Man [c 8980 BCE] | |||
: Cheddar Man [http://www.trussel.com/prehist/news11.htm][http://piclib.nhm.ac.uk/piclib/www/image.php?img=57737&frm=ser&search=man] [c 7,000 BCE] | |||
: '''The Sleeve''' (La Manche) The English Channel[http://www.absoluteastronomy.com/topics/English_Channel#encyclopedia] separates Britain from the European mainland [c 6000 to 4000 BCE]. | |||
: Farmers in Britain and Ireland [from c 4000 BCE] | |||
: The Beaker people [http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=22098] [c 2500 to 1600]. | |||
: Megalith builders [http://www.megalithic.co.uk/topics.php?countries=1] | |||
:: - Stonehenge[http://www.stonehenge-avebury.net/].[c 3000 to 1500 BCE] | |||
==600 BCE to 48 AD== | |||
'''Celtic immigration'''[http://www.britainexpress.com/History/Celtic_Britain.htm] | |||
: Goidals reach Ireland and Brythons reach Britain[http://www.channel4.com/history/microsites/H/history/c-d/celts.html] | |||
==49 to 410 AD == | ==49 to 410 AD == | ||
'''Roman occupation''' 49 - 410 AD | '''Roman occupation''' 49 - 410 AD | ||
Line 15: | Line 36: | ||
: Withdrawal of the legions [401] | : Withdrawal of the legions [401] | ||
: The end of Britain's allegiance to Rome [410] | : The end of Britain's allegiance to Rome [410] | ||
==401 to 800 == | |||
'''Celtic Ireland''' | |||
:Saint Patrick reaches Éire [432] | |||
'''Saxon Britain''' | |||
: Saint Ninian[http://www.whithorn.com/saint-ninian.htm] [397]. | |||
: Saint Columba lands on Iona and founds a monastery [563] | |||
: Saint Augustine [http://saints.sqpn.com/sainta14.htm](597-604) | |||
: Synod of Whitby (664)[http://knol.google.com/k/julian-l-freeman/the-synod-of-whitby-ad-664/vhr71n1u7gm1/8#] - agreement between Saxon and Roman churchmen. | |||
: Adam Bede's [http://csis.pace.edu/grendel/projs991b/bede.html]''History of the English Church and People''(731). | |||
==801 to 1066== | |||
'''Danish invasions''' | |||
: Viking settlements at Dublin, Waterford and Limerick [914-920] | |||
: Alfred the Great, King of Wessex [http://www.ogdoad.force9.co.uk/alfred/alfredintro.htm](871-899) | |||
: Brian Boru King of Munster [http://www.ogdoad.force9.co.uk/alfred/alfredintro.htm] [946-1014] | |||
:: - King of Ireland from 1002 . | |||
==11th century== | |||
:: King Canute (1016 - 1035) | |||
:: King Harold (1035 - 1066) | |||
:: Defeat of MacBeth at Dunsinane | |||
:: Malcolm King of Scotland (1058 - 1093) | |||
:: Harold subdues Wales (1063) | |||
'''Norman Conquest''' | |||
:: William I (1066 - 1087 | |||
::'''Domesday Book''' (1086)[http://www.domesdaybook.co.uk/book.html] | |||
:: William II (1087 - 1100) | |||
:: First Crusade (1096) | |||
:Feudal system [http://history-world.org/feudalism.htm]. | |||
==12th century== | |||
::Henry I (1100 - 1135) | |||
::Stephen (1135 - 1154) | |||
::Civil War (1139 - 1147) | |||
'''Plantagenet era''' 1154 - 1485 | |||
::Henry II (1154-1189) | |||
::Thomas à Becket Archbishop of Canterbury (1162 -1170) | |||
::Rory O'Connor, High King of Ireland [1166-1175] | |||
::Richard I (1189 - 1199) | |||
::Norman invasion of Ireland (1169)[http://britannia.com/history/docs/giraldus.html][http://www.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~irlkik/ihm/invasion.htm] | |||
::Third Crusade 1189 | |||
::John (1199 - 1216) | |||
==13th century== | |||
:'''Magna Carta'''[http://www.bl.uk/treasures/magnacarta/index.html] (1215) - the founding principles of the British constitution.<br> | |||
::Henry III (1216 - 1272) | |||
::Edward I (1272 - 1307) | |||
:: Model Parliament" (1295) - summoned by Edward I and generally regarded as the first representative assembly. | |||
:: Alliance between Scotland and France (1295) | |||
:: John Baliol yields Scottish Throne to Edward I who thus becomes King of Scotland (1296 -1306) | |||
==14th century== | |||
1300 Edward I invades Scotland. | |||
1302 Truce between England and Scotland | |||
1306 Robert Bruce King of Scots | |||
1307 Edward II (1307-1327) | |||
1318 Edward Bruce King of Ireland | |||
1327 Edward III (1327 - 1377) | |||
1329 David II King of Scots | |||
1346 Battle of Crecy | |||
1366 Statutes of Kilkenny [http://www.uhb.fr/langues/cei/statkkgb.htm] | |||
1371 Robert II King of Scots | |||
1377 Richard II (1377-1399) | |||
1390 Robert III King of Scots | |||
1390 Richard III's Irish expedition | |||
1399 Henry IV (1399 -1413) | |||
==15th century== | |||
1413 Henry V (1413-22) | |||
1415 Agincourt | |||
1422 Henry VI (1422-61) | |||
1460 Statute of Drogheda - proclaims Ireland's separate status. | |||
1461 Edward IV (1461-83) | |||
1483 Richard III (1483-85) | |||
'''Tudor Era''' 1485-1605 | |||
1485 Henry VII (1485-1509) | |||
1494 Poynings Law - | |||
==16th century== | |||
1509 Henry VIII (1509-47) | |||
1541 Henry VIII King of Ireland | |||
1547 Edward VI (1547-53) | |||
1549 Cranmer's English Prayer Book. | |||
1553 Mary I (1553-58) | |||
1558 Elizabeth I [http://www.elizabethi.org/](1559-1603) | |||
1559 The Armada [http://www.channel4.com/history/microsites/H/history/pirates/armada1.html] | |||
1570 Gunpowder Plot | |||
==17th century== | |||
'''Stuart Era''' 1605-1688 | |||
1605 James I (1603-25). | |||
1625 Charles I (1625-49) | |||
1642 Charles I enters the Commons to arrest dissidents and is defied by the Speaker. | |||
1643-46 '''Civil War'''[http://easyweb.easynet.co.uk/~crossby/ECW/]. | |||
1649 Oliver Cromwell declares England a commonwealth. | |||
Execution of Charles I. | |||
Cromwell invades Ireland. | |||
1660 Restoration. Charles II (1660-85) | |||
1665 Great Plague [http://www.channel4.com/history/microsites/H/history/plague/index.html] | |||
1666 Fire of London [http://www.channel4.com/history/microsites/H/history/fire/] | |||
1673 Test Act. Catholics excluded from office. | |||
1685 James II (1685-88)<br> Monmouth Rebellion. | |||
1688 '''"The Glorious Revolution" and Bill of Rights '''[http://www.parliament.uk/documents/upload/g04.pdf] - limited the power of the king over Parliament. | |||
1689 William and Mary. | |||
1694 The Bank of England [http://www.bankofengland.co.uk/about/history/index.htm] | |||
==18th century== | |||
1707 '''Act of Union''' - with Scotland [http://www.parliament.uk/actofunion/]. | |||
1713 Treaty of Utrecht. | |||
1714 Hanoverian succession.<br> George I (1714-27) | |||
1727 Geoge II (1727-1760) | |||
1715 First Jacobite Rising | |||
1739-48 War of Jenkins Ear - with Spain. | |||
1744-8 War of the Austrian Succession. | |||
1745 Second Jacobite Rising - "the '45" | |||
1746 Battle of Culloden. | |||
'''Industrial Revolution'''[http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/modsbook14.html] 1715-1815 | |||
1756-63 Seven Years War - acquisition of India and Canada. | |||
1760 George III (1760-1820). | |||
'''War of American Independence'''[http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/empire_seapower/rebels_redcoats_01.shtml] 1775 -81<br> - the creation of the United States of America. | |||
1783 Rotunda Parliament | |||
1787 Kingdom of Ireland granted autonomy. | |||
'''Napoleonic Wars''' 1789 - 1815. | |||
==19th century== | |||
1801 '''Act of Union''' - with Ireland. | |||
1805 Battle of Trafalgar. | |||
1815 Battle of Waterloo. | |||
1820 George IV (1820-30). | |||
1830 William IV (1830-37). | |||
1832 '''Reform Act''' Raised the proportion of adult English males entitled to vote to 20 per cent. | |||
1837 Queen Victoria (1837-1901)/ | |||
'''Irish Famine''' 1845-1850. | |||
1846 Repeal of Corn Laws. | |||
'''Crimean War''' 1833 - 36. | |||
'''Indian Mutiny''' 1857 - 8. | |||
1874 Disraeli's First Conservative Government (1874-80). | |||
1880 Gladstone's Liberal Government. | |||
1898 Battle of Omdurman | |||
1899-1902 Boer War. | |||
==20th century== | |||
1902-05 Balfour's Conservative Government. | |||
1902 Edward VII (1902-10). | |||
1905-08 Campbell-Bannerman's Liberal Government. | |||
1908-1915 Asquith's Liberal Government (Lloyd George Chancellor of the Exchequer) | |||
1911 George V (1911-36).<br> Lloyd George's National Insurance Bill. | |||
'''First World War.''' 1914-18 | |||
1915-16 Asquith's Coalition Government. | |||
1916 Easter Rising | |||
===The inter-war years=== | |||
1918 Representation of the People Act - gave the vote to men over 21 and women over 30 - increasing the electorate from 8 million to 21 million. | |||
1919 Treaty of Versailles. | |||
1919-23 Lloyd George's Coalition Governments. | |||
1920 '''Ireland gets Home Rule'''. | |||
1922-23 Bonar Law's Conservative Government. | |||
1923-24 Baldwin's First Conservative Government | |||
1924 Macdonald's First Labour Government. | |||
1924-29 Baldwin's Second Conservative Government. | |||
1926 General Strike.<br> Baird's television system. | |||
1928 Fleming discovers penicillin | |||
1929-31 Macdonald's Second Labour Government. | |||
1931 Britain leaves the gold standard. | |||
1931-35 Macdonald's National Government. | |||
1935-37 Baldwin's National Government. | |||
1936 Abdication of Edward VII. | |||
1937 George VI (1937-52} | |||
1937-40 Chamberlain's Conservative Government. | |||
1938 Munich Pact with Germany. | |||
'''Second World War''' 1939-45 | |||
1940-45 Churchill's Wartime Coalition Government. | |||
===Post-war Britain=== | |||
1945 Churchill's First Conservative Government. | |||
1945-51 Clement Atlee's Labour Government | |||
1948 National Health Service. | |||
1951-55 Winston Churchill's Second Conservative Government. | |||
1953 Elizabeth II.<br> Crick and Watson establish the structure of DNA. | |||
1955-57 Anthony Eden's Conservative Government. | |||
1956 Suez war. | |||
1957-63 Harold MacMillan's Conservative Government. | |||
1963-70 Home's Conservative Government. | |||
1970-79 Edward Heath's Conservative Governments. | |||
1973 '''Britain joins the European Community'''. European Communities Act[http://www.opsi.gov.uk/Acts/acts1972/ukpga_19720068_en_1] makes '''EC law enforceable in the UK'''. | |||
1979-1990 Thatcher's Conservative Governments. | |||
1986 Single European Act - introduced '''Qualified Majority Voting''' to most European Union decisions [http://www.eurotreaties.com/eurotexts.html]. | |||
1982 Falklands war. | |||
1990 Major's Conservative Government | |||
1997 - 2007 Tony Blair's New Labour Government[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/in_depth/uk_politics/2007/blair_years/default.stm] | |||
==21st century== | |||
'''Iraq War''' (2003 - 09) | |||
: [[Crash of 2008]] | |||
:[[Recession of 2008]] | |||
: Gordon Brown's Labour Government (2007 - ) |
Revision as of 02:30, 26 March 2009
(Sources in addition to those shown: Bernard Grun The Timetables of History, Simon & Schuster, 1991; Norman Davies: The Isles, A History, Appendix 42, Macmillan 1999; Key Dates of Parliament, House of Commons, 2008.[[1]]; .Chris Scarre (ed) The Human Past, Thames and Hudson, 2005.)
Prehistory
- Canyon Cave Man [c 8980 BCE]
- Cheddar Man [2][3] [c 7,000 BCE]
- The Sleeve (La Manche) The English Channel[4] separates Britain from the European mainland [c 6000 to 4000 BCE].
- Farmers in Britain and Ireland [from c 4000 BCE]
- The Beaker people [5] [c 2500 to 1600].
- Megalith builders [6]
- - Stonehenge[7].[c 3000 to 1500 BCE]
600 BCE to 48 AD
Celtic immigration[8]
- Goidals reach Ireland and Brythons reach Britain[9]
49 to 410 AD
Roman occupation 49 - 410 AD
- Claudius begins the conquest [49 AD]
- Rebellion of the Iceni - led by Queen Boudica [10] [61 AD]
- Agricola[11][78 AD]
- Hadrian's wall[12] [122 AD]
- Christianity reaches Britain [200+]
- St Alban's martrydom[13]
- Septimus Severus' campaign [208-211}
- Edict of Caracalla - all free men eligible for Roman citizenship [212]
- Constantius' Caledonian campaign[14][306]
- Edict of Milan - the tolerance of Christianity[15] [313]
- Council of Arles - attended by 3 British bishops[16]
- Theodosius' campaign against Picts and Scots {367]
- Withdrawal of the legions [401]
- The end of Britain's allegiance to Rome [410]
401 to 800
Celtic Ireland
- Saint Patrick reaches Éire [432]
Saxon Britain
- Saint Ninian[17] [397].
- Saint Columba lands on Iona and founds a monastery [563]
- Saint Augustine [18](597-604)
- Synod of Whitby (664)[19] - agreement between Saxon and Roman churchmen.
- Adam Bede's [20]History of the English Church and People(731).
801 to 1066
Danish invasions
- Viking settlements at Dublin, Waterford and Limerick [914-920]
- Alfred the Great, King of Wessex [21](871-899)
- Brian Boru King of Munster [22] [946-1014]
- - King of Ireland from 1002 .
11th century
- King Canute (1016 - 1035)
- King Harold (1035 - 1066)
- Defeat of MacBeth at Dunsinane
- Malcolm King of Scotland (1058 - 1093)
- Harold subdues Wales (1063)
Norman Conquest
- William I (1066 - 1087
- Domesday Book (1086)[23]
- William II (1087 - 1100)
- First Crusade (1096)
- Feudal system [24].
12th century
- Henry I (1100 - 1135)
- Stephen (1135 - 1154)
- Civil War (1139 - 1147)
Plantagenet era 1154 - 1485
13th century
- Magna Carta[27] (1215) - the founding principles of the British constitution.
- Henry III (1216 - 1272)
- Edward I (1272 - 1307)
- Model Parliament" (1295) - summoned by Edward I and generally regarded as the first representative assembly.
- Alliance between Scotland and France (1295)
- John Baliol yields Scottish Throne to Edward I who thus becomes King of Scotland (1296 -1306)
14th century
1300 Edward I invades Scotland.
1302 Truce between England and Scotland
1306 Robert Bruce King of Scots
1307 Edward II (1307-1327)
1318 Edward Bruce King of Ireland
1327 Edward III (1327 - 1377)
1329 David II King of Scots
1346 Battle of Crecy
1366 Statutes of Kilkenny [28]
1371 Robert II King of Scots
1377 Richard II (1377-1399)
1390 Robert III King of Scots
1390 Richard III's Irish expedition
1399 Henry IV (1399 -1413)
15th century
1413 Henry V (1413-22)
1415 Agincourt
1422 Henry VI (1422-61)
1460 Statute of Drogheda - proclaims Ireland's separate status.
1461 Edward IV (1461-83)
1483 Richard III (1483-85)
Tudor Era 1485-1605
1485 Henry VII (1485-1509)
1494 Poynings Law -
16th century
1509 Henry VIII (1509-47)
1541 Henry VIII King of Ireland
1547 Edward VI (1547-53)
1549 Cranmer's English Prayer Book.
1553 Mary I (1553-58)
1558 Elizabeth I [29](1559-1603)
1559 The Armada [30]
1570 Gunpowder Plot
17th century
Stuart Era 1605-1688
1605 James I (1603-25).
1625 Charles I (1625-49)
1642 Charles I enters the Commons to arrest dissidents and is defied by the Speaker.
1643-46 Civil War[31].
1649 Oliver Cromwell declares England a commonwealth.
Execution of Charles I.
Cromwell invades Ireland.
1660 Restoration. Charles II (1660-85)
1665 Great Plague [32]
1666 Fire of London [33]
1673 Test Act. Catholics excluded from office.
1685 James II (1685-88)
Monmouth Rebellion.
1688 "The Glorious Revolution" and Bill of Rights [34] - limited the power of the king over Parliament.
1689 William and Mary.
1694 The Bank of England [35]
18th century
1707 Act of Union - with Scotland [36].
1713 Treaty of Utrecht.
1714 Hanoverian succession.
George I (1714-27)
1727 Geoge II (1727-1760)
1715 First Jacobite Rising
1739-48 War of Jenkins Ear - with Spain.
1744-8 War of the Austrian Succession.
1745 Second Jacobite Rising - "the '45"
1746 Battle of Culloden.
Industrial Revolution[37] 1715-1815
1756-63 Seven Years War - acquisition of India and Canada.
1760 George III (1760-1820).
War of American Independence[38] 1775 -81
- the creation of the United States of America.
1783 Rotunda Parliament
1787 Kingdom of Ireland granted autonomy.
Napoleonic Wars 1789 - 1815.
19th century
1801 Act of Union - with Ireland.
1805 Battle of Trafalgar.
1815 Battle of Waterloo.
1820 George IV (1820-30).
1830 William IV (1830-37).
1832 Reform Act Raised the proportion of adult English males entitled to vote to 20 per cent.
1837 Queen Victoria (1837-1901)/
Irish Famine 1845-1850.
1846 Repeal of Corn Laws.
Crimean War 1833 - 36.
Indian Mutiny 1857 - 8.
1874 Disraeli's First Conservative Government (1874-80).
1880 Gladstone's Liberal Government.
1898 Battle of Omdurman
1899-1902 Boer War.
20th century
1902-05 Balfour's Conservative Government.
1902 Edward VII (1902-10).
1905-08 Campbell-Bannerman's Liberal Government.
1908-1915 Asquith's Liberal Government (Lloyd George Chancellor of the Exchequer)
1911 George V (1911-36).
Lloyd George's National Insurance Bill.
First World War. 1914-18
1915-16 Asquith's Coalition Government.
1916 Easter Rising
The inter-war years
1918 Representation of the People Act - gave the vote to men over 21 and women over 30 - increasing the electorate from 8 million to 21 million.
1919 Treaty of Versailles.
1919-23 Lloyd George's Coalition Governments.
1920 Ireland gets Home Rule.
1922-23 Bonar Law's Conservative Government.
1923-24 Baldwin's First Conservative Government
1924 Macdonald's First Labour Government.
1924-29 Baldwin's Second Conservative Government.
1926 General Strike.
Baird's television system.
1928 Fleming discovers penicillin
1929-31 Macdonald's Second Labour Government.
1931 Britain leaves the gold standard.
1931-35 Macdonald's National Government.
1935-37 Baldwin's National Government.
1936 Abdication of Edward VII.
1937 George VI (1937-52}
1937-40 Chamberlain's Conservative Government.
1938 Munich Pact with Germany.
Second World War 1939-45
1940-45 Churchill's Wartime Coalition Government.
Post-war Britain
1945 Churchill's First Conservative Government.
1945-51 Clement Atlee's Labour Government
1948 National Health Service.
1951-55 Winston Churchill's Second Conservative Government.
1953 Elizabeth II.
Crick and Watson establish the structure of DNA.
1955-57 Anthony Eden's Conservative Government.
1956 Suez war.
1957-63 Harold MacMillan's Conservative Government.
1963-70 Home's Conservative Government.
1970-79 Edward Heath's Conservative Governments.
1973 Britain joins the European Community. European Communities Act[39] makes EC law enforceable in the UK.
1979-1990 Thatcher's Conservative Governments.
1986 Single European Act - introduced Qualified Majority Voting to most European Union decisions [40].
1982 Falklands war.
1990 Major's Conservative Government
1997 - 2007 Tony Blair's New Labour Government[41]
21st century
Iraq War (2003 - 09)
- Gordon Brown's Labour Government (2007 - )