User:Milton Beychok/Sandbox: Difference between revisions
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'''Hydrocracking''' is a catalytic process used in [[petroleum refining processes|petroleum refineries]] for converting the high-boiling [[hydrocarbon]]s in [[petroleum]] [[crude oil]]s to more valuable lower-boilng products such as [[gasoline]], [[kerosene]], [[jet fuel]] and [[diesel oil]]. The process takes place in a [[Hydrogen|hydrogen-rich]] atmosphere at elevated [[temperature]]s (260 – 425 [[Celsius|°C]]) and [[pressure]]s (35 – 200 [[Bar (unit)|bar]]).<ref name=Gary>{{cite book|author=James H. Gary and Glenn E. Handwerk|title=Petroleum Refining: Technology and Economics|edition=2nd Edition|publisher=Marcel Dekker|year=1984|id=ISBN 0-8247-7150-8}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal| author=Editorial Staff|title=Refining Processes 2002|journal=Hydrocarbon Processing|volume= |issue=| pages=pages 115 – 117|date=November 2002|id= | '''Hydrocracking''' is a catalytic process used in [[petroleum refining processes|petroleum refineries]] for converting the high-boiling [[hydrocarbon]]s in [[petroleum]] [[crude oil]]s to more valuable lower-boilng products such as [[gasoline]], [[kerosene]], [[jet fuel]] and [[diesel oil]]. The process takes place in a [[Hydrogen|hydrogen-rich]] atmosphere at elevated [[temperature]]s (260 – 425 [[Celsius|°C]]) and [[pressure]]s (35 – 200 [[Bar (unit)|bar]]).<ref name=Gary>{{cite book|author=James H. Gary and Glenn E. Handwerk|title=Petroleum Refining: Technology and Economics|edition=2nd Edition|publisher=Marcel Dekker|year=1984|id=ISBN 0-8247-7150-8}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal| author=Editorial Staff|title=Refining Processes 2002|journal=Hydrocarbon Processing|volume= |issue=| pages=pages 115 – 117|date=November 2002|id=}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|author= Naveen Bhutani, Ajay K. Ray and G.P. Rangaiah|title=Modeling, Simulation and Multi-objective Optimization of an Industrial Hydrocracking Unit|journal=Ind. Eng. Res.|volume=45|issue=4|pages=pages 1354 – 1372|date=2006|id= }}</ref> | ||
Revision as of 15:10, 18 July 2009
Hydrocracking is a catalytic process used in petroleum refineries for converting the high-boiling hydrocarbons in petroleum crude oils to more valuable lower-boilng products such as gasoline, kerosene, jet fuel and diesel oil. The process takes place in a hydrogen-rich atmosphere at elevated temperatures (260 – 425 °C) and pressures (35 – 200 bar).[1][2][3]
References
- ↑ James H. Gary and Glenn E. Handwerk (1984). Petroleum Refining: Technology and Economics, 2nd Edition. Marcel Dekker. ISBN 0-8247-7150-8.
- ↑ Editorial Staff (November 2002). "Refining Processes 2002". Hydrocarbon Processing : pages 115 – 117.
- ↑ Naveen Bhutani, Ajay K. Ray and G.P. Rangaiah (2006). "Modeling, Simulation and Multi-objective Optimization of an Industrial Hydrocracking Unit". Ind. Eng. Res. 45 (4): pages 1354 – 1372.