User:Milton Beychok/Sandbox: Difference between revisions
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=== Ionic liquids === | === Ionic liquids === | ||
Ionic | [[Ionic liquid]]s consist exclusively, or almost exclusively, of [[ion]]s and and were traditionally known in the past as ''[[Salt (chemistry)|molten salts]]''. Over the past twenty years or so, they have become to be defined as salts having [[melting point]]s below the arbitrarily chosen temperature of 100 °[[Celsius (unit)|C]]. Most ionic liquids consist of organic [[cation]]s and either organic or inorganic [[anion]]s. Binary mixtures of an organic salt and an inorganic salt are also ionic liquid.<ref name=Freemantle>{{cite book|author=Michael Freemantle|title=An Introduction to Ionic Liquids|edition=1st Edition|publisher=Royal Society of Chemistry|year=2009|id=ISBN 1-84755-161-0}}</ref> | ||
Aqueous solutions of [[Salt (chemistry)|salts]] are not classified ionic liquids because they do not consist exclusively of ions. | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
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*{{cite journal| author=H. Bloom | title=Eleventh Spiers Memorial Lecture: Structural models for molten salts and their mixtures | Discuss. Faraday. Soc. |year=1961 | volume=32 | issue= |pages= pages 7-13 |url=http://www.rsc.org/publishing/journals/DF/article.asp?doi=DF9613200007}} | *{{cite journal| author=H. Bloom | title=Eleventh Spiers Memorial Lecture: Structural models for molten salts and their mixtures | Discuss. Faraday. Soc. |year=1961 | volume=32 | issue= |pages= pages 7-13 |url=http://www.rsc.org/publishing/journals/DF/article.asp?doi=DF9613200007}} | ||
*{{cite journal| author=Thi Phuong Thuy Pham, Chul-Woong Cho and Yeoung-Sang Yun | title=Environmental fate and toxicity of ionic liquids: A review | journal= Water Research | volume=34 | issue=2 |pages=pages 352-372 |date= 2010 |id= |url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6V73-4X9FGNX-2&_user=10&_coverDate=01%2F31%2F2010&_rdoc=1&_fmt=high&_orig=search&_origin=search&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_searchStrId=1480561326&_rerunOrigin=google&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=4c401ae780982014bdbc335f0af26e37&searchtype=a |}} | *{{cite journal| author=Thi Phuong Thuy Pham, Chul-Woong Cho and Yeoung-Sang Yun | title=Environmental fate and toxicity of ionic liquids: A review | journal= Water Research | volume=34 | issue=2 |pages=pages 352-372 |date= 2010 |id= |url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6V73-4X9FGNX-2&_user=10&_coverDate=01%2F31%2F2010&_rdoc=1&_fmt=high&_orig=search&_origin=search&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_searchStrId=1480561326&_rerunOrigin=google&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=4c401ae780982014bdbc335f0af26e37&searchtype=a |}} | ||
{{cite book|author=Michael Freemantle|title=An Introduction to Ionic Liquids|edition=1st Edition|publisher=Royal Society of Chemistry|year=2009|id=ISBN 1-84755-161-0}} | |||
Revision as of 00:35, 1 October 2010
Special areas of volatility research and technology development
Odors from volatile substances acting as social behavioral signals or codes
The ability to recognize individuals or their genetic relatedness has an important role in the social behavior of mammals. Mammalian social systems rely on signals passed between individuals that provide information about sex, reproductive status, individual identity, ownership, competitive ability and health status. Many of these signals take the form of volatile substances that are used to signal at a distance and are sensed by the mammalian olfactory systems. Despite the complexities of all mammalian societies, there are instances where volatile single molecules can act as classical pheromones attracting interest and approach behavior. The behavior of most, if not all, insect species are also highly dependent upon the olfactory perception of odors from volatile substances.
Comprehensive reviews of the research work in this area are available on the Internet.[1][2]
Ionic liquids
Ionic liquids consist exclusively, or almost exclusively, of ions and and were traditionally known in the past as molten salts. Over the past twenty years or so, they have become to be defined as salts having melting points below the arbitrarily chosen temperature of 100 °C. Most ionic liquids consist of organic cations and either organic or inorganic anions. Binary mixtures of an organic salt and an inorganic salt are also ionic liquid.[3]
Aqueous solutions of salts are not classified ionic liquids because they do not consist exclusively of ions.
References
- ↑ Peter Brennan and Keith Kendrick (2006). "Mammalian social odours: attraction and individual recognition". Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B 261 (1476): 2061-2078.
- ↑ M. de Bruyne and T. C. Baker (2008). "Odor Detection in Insects: Volatile Codes". J. Chem. Eco. 34: 882-897.
- ↑ Michael Freemantle (2009). An Introduction to Ionic Liquids, 1st Edition. Royal Society of Chemistry. ISBN 1-84755-161-0.
- Charles Friedel and James M. Crafts (1877). "Sur une nouvelle méthode générale de synthèse d'hydrocarbures, d'acétones, etc.". Compt. Rend. 84: pages 1392 and 1450.
- Siegmund Gabriel and J. Weiner (1887). "Ueber einige Abkömmlinge des Propylamins". Berichte der Deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 21 (2): pages 2669 - 2674.
- H. Bloom (1961). "Eleventh Spiers Memorial Lecture: Structural models for molten salts and their mixtures" 32: pages 7-13.
- Thi Phuong Thuy Pham, Chul-Woong Cho and Yeoung-Sang Yun (2010). "Environmental fate and toxicity of ionic liquids: A review". Water Research 34 (2): pages 352-372.
Michael Freemantle (2009). An Introduction to Ionic Liquids, 1st Edition. Royal Society of Chemistry. ISBN 1-84755-161-0.