Harm reduction: Difference between revisions

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'''Harm reduction''' can refer to a policy, strategy, or particular intervention that presumes continuation of an undesired behavior while aspiring to lower the risk of harmful consequences associated with the continuance of this addictive behavior.<ref>Stratton, K.,  Shetty, P.,  Wallace, R. and Bondurant (Eds.), S. (2001b) Clearing the smoke: Assessing the science base for tobacco harm reduction. National Academies Press , Washington, DC</ref>
'''Harm reduction''' can refer to a policy, strategy, or particular intervention that presumes continuation of an undesired behavior while aspiring to lower the risk of harmful consequences associated with the continuance of this addictive behavior.<ref>Stratton, K.,  Shetty, P.,  Wallace, R. and Bondurant (Eds.), S. (2001b) Clearing the smoke: Assessing the science base for tobacco harm reduction. National Academies Press , Washington, DC</ref>
== Addictions ==
=== Tobacco ===
The fact that a high level of physical activity. i.e. [[exercise]], has a broad variety of protective effects prompted researchers to analyze the extent to which exercise could prevent smoking-related mortality and morbidity.<ref name="pmid16766410">{{cite journal |author=deRuiter W, Faulkner G |title=Tobacco harm reduction strategies: the case for physical activity |journal=Nicotine Tob. Res. |volume=8 |issue=2 |pages=157–68 |year=2006 |pmid=16766410 |doi=10.1080/14622200500494823}}</ref> It can be estimated that the magnitude of the protective effect is major, and that, given the poor efficacy of smoking cessation techniques (less than 30%), it should be actively promoted to all smokers.
At the biochemical level, tobacco smoke attacks lung cells and other cells through pro-oxidant mechanisms. Maintaining high concentrations of [[vitamin C]] in the blood appears to largely prevent these effects, while other antioxidants are poorly effective.<ref name="pmid11514102">{{cite journal |author=Panda K, Chattopadhyay R, Chattopadhyay D, Chatterjee IB |title=Cigarette smoke-induced protein oxidation and proteolysis is exclusively caused by its tar phase: prevention by vitamin C |journal=Toxicol. Lett. |volume=123 |issue=1 |pages=21–32 |year=2001 |pmid=11514102 |doi=}}</ref> To date, no large-scale clinical trials have been conducted to conceive public health guidelines on this harm reduction strategy.
=== Alcohol ===
=== Cannabis ===
=== Heroin ===


== References ==
== References ==
{{reflist|2}}
{{reflist|2}}

Revision as of 18:33, 3 December 2007

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Harm reduction can refer to a policy, strategy, or particular intervention that presumes continuation of an undesired behavior while aspiring to lower the risk of harmful consequences associated with the continuance of this addictive behavior.[1]

Addictions

Tobacco

The fact that a high level of physical activity. i.e. exercise, has a broad variety of protective effects prompted researchers to analyze the extent to which exercise could prevent smoking-related mortality and morbidity.[2] It can be estimated that the magnitude of the protective effect is major, and that, given the poor efficacy of smoking cessation techniques (less than 30%), it should be actively promoted to all smokers.

At the biochemical level, tobacco smoke attacks lung cells and other cells through pro-oxidant mechanisms. Maintaining high concentrations of vitamin C in the blood appears to largely prevent these effects, while other antioxidants are poorly effective.[3] To date, no large-scale clinical trials have been conducted to conceive public health guidelines on this harm reduction strategy.

Alcohol

Cannabis

Heroin

References

  1. Stratton, K., Shetty, P., Wallace, R. and Bondurant (Eds.), S. (2001b) Clearing the smoke: Assessing the science base for tobacco harm reduction. National Academies Press , Washington, DC
  2. deRuiter W, Faulkner G (2006). "Tobacco harm reduction strategies: the case for physical activity". Nicotine Tob. Res. 8 (2): 157–68. DOI:10.1080/14622200500494823. PMID 16766410. Research Blogging.
  3. Panda K, Chattopadhyay R, Chattopadhyay D, Chatterjee IB (2001). "Cigarette smoke-induced protein oxidation and proteolysis is exclusively caused by its tar phase: prevention by vitamin C". Toxicol. Lett. 123 (1): 21–32. PMID 11514102[e]