Stroke: Difference between revisions

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==Etiology==
==Etiology==
===Ischemic Strokes===
[[Atherosclerosis]] is responsible for the majority of ischemic strokes, the most of the rest being accounted for by emboli from distant sites.  The etiology of atherosclerosis-related strokes is very similar to that of [[Myocardial Infarction|heart attacks]].   
[[Atherosclerosis]] is responsible for the majority of ischemic strokes, the most of the rest being accounted for by emboli from distant sites.  The etiology of atherosclerosis-related strokes is very similar to that of [[Myocardial Infarction|heart attacks]].   



Revision as of 11:00, 28 April 2007

Overview

A stroke (syn. Cerebral Vascular Accident or "CVA") is a sudden, often focal, loss of brain function due to an interruption in the blood supply to all or part of the brain [1]. Loss of brain function occurs when neurons loose their oxygen supply. This is often due to a disturbance in cerebral perfusion (blood flow to the brain). There are many different causes for the interruption of blood supply, and different parts of the brain can be affected. Because of this, strokes can have many different clinical presentations. Stroke is a medical emergency and can cause permanent neurologic damage or even death if not promptly diagnosed and treated. It is the third leading cause of death and the leading cause of adult disability in the United States and industrialized European nations. On average, a stroke occurs every 45 seconds and someone dies from a stroke every 3 minutes.Template:Fact

Risk factors include atherosclerosis, advanced age, hypertension (high blood pressure), diabetes mellitus, high cholesterol, cigarette smoking, atrial fibrillation, migraine with aura, and some blood clotting disorders. Cigarette smoking is the most important modifiable risk factor of stroke.

The term "brain attack" has been advocated fo use in the United States for stroke, just as the term "heart attack" is used for myocardial infarction, where a cutoff of blood causes necrosis to the tissue of the heart. Many hospitals have multidisciplinary "stroke teams" specifically for swift treatment of stroke.

Strokes can be classified as ischemic or hemorrhagic.

Etiology

Ischemic Strokes

Atherosclerosis is responsible for the majority of ischemic strokes, the most of the rest being accounted for by emboli from distant sites. The etiology of atherosclerosis-related strokes is very similar to that of heart attacks.

  1. Hatano, S (1976). "{{{title}}}". Bull World Health Organ 54 (5): 541-53 title=Experience from a multicentre stroke register: a preliminary report.
  2. Goldman: Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 22nd ed., Copyright © 2004 W. B. Saunders Company