Email agents

This article is a subtopic in a cluster of articles under Email system. We assume the reader understands that parent article and its terminology. Here we go into more detail on Actors and their roles. We define each role in terms of the responsibilities associated with that role. We illustrate the use of roles as building blocks in diagrams of various typical email systems.

Actors and Roles

Actors include Users and Agents
Agents may play more than one role
Typical roles include Transmitter, Receiver, and Delivery (MDA).
A Border shows where there is no prior relationship between Agents.
--> Direction of mail flow (no statement as to relationship)
==> Direct relationship between Actors (e.g. a contract)
~~> Indirect relationship (e.g. both directly related to Recipient)
A/B Roles A and B both played by the same Actor

Typical System

|--- Sender's Network ---|           |-- Recipient's Network -|
                                /
Author ==> MSA/Transmitter --> / --> Receiver/MDA ==> Recipient
                              /
                           Border

Roles and Responsibilities

Author
- Originate messages
- Provide a password or other means of authentication

MSA - Mail Submission Agent
- Authenticate the Author
- Manage Author accounts

Transmitter
- Spam Prevention
  - rate limits, content analysis, alerts
  - respond to spam reports
  - maintain reputation
- Authentication
  - RFC compliance
  - IP authorization (SPF, SID, CSV, ...)
  - signatures & key management (DKIM ...)
  - Return Address validation code
- Process SMTP Rejects

Receiver
- Block DoS
- Authenticate Sender
  - HELO, Return Address, Headers, Signature
  - reject forgeries
- Assess reputation
  - whitelists
- Filter spam
- Add authentication headers
- Manage Recipient accounts/options
  - whitelisting, blacklisting, filtering, blocking, forwarding
- Process spam reports, DSNs

Forwarder
- Authenticate upstream Agent
- Set up forwarding to downstream Agent
  - check RFC compliance
  - set up authentication records
  - submit forwarding request, wait for approval
- Manage Recipient accounts
  - maintain database of forwarding addresses
  - suspend account when a message is rejected
  - communicate w Recipient re  "      "
- Maintain reputation as a trusted Forwarder
  - certifications
- Process SMTP Rejects

MDA - Mail Delivery Agent
- Authenticate upstream Agent
- Sort and store messages
- Provide secure access for Recipients
  - POP3, IMAP, Webmail
- Manage Recipient accounts/options
- Relay spam reports to Receiver (or don't accept them)

Recipient
- Set up accounts with each Agent
- Select options in each account
- Report spam to Receiver

Mediator
- Receive - Process - Resend automatically
- Acts as an Agent, but
- Classified as a User for simplicity

Example Systems

Basic setup with four actors

|--- Sender's Network ---|           |-- Recipient's Network -|
                                /
Author ==> MSA/Transmitter --> / --> Receiver/MDA ==> Recipient
                              /
                           Border
          

Simple forwarding is quite common

          |-------- Recipient's Network ---------|
     /
--> / --> Receiver/Forwarder ~~> MDA ==> Recipient
   /
 Border

Chain forwarding should be discouraged

          |------------ Recipient's Network ------------|
     /
--> / --> Receiver ~~> Forwarder(s) ~~> MDA ==> Recipient
   /
 Border

Open forwarding must be banned

     /                   /    |-- Recipient's Network -|
--> / --> Forwarder --> / --> Receiver/MDA ==> Recipient
   /                   /
 Border              Border