Belarussian language: Difference between revisions

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It is one of the two official languages of Belarus, the other one being [[Russian language|Russian]]. Albeit Belarus has been an independent country since 1991, Russian is still the dominant language of the country.
It is one of the two official languages of Belarus, the other one being [[Russian language|Russian]]. Albeit Belarus has been an independent country since 1991, Russian is still the dominant language of the country.


Belarussian may be written with the [[Cyrillic alphabet]], which is official, or with the [[Latin alphabet]], which is used by part of the population. It is very easy to switch from one to another thanks to a simple system of correspondence. This coexistence of two alphabets resembles the situation of [[Serbian language|Serbian]].
==Writing system==
Belarussian may be written with the [[Cyrillic alphabet]], which is official, or with the [[Latin alphabet]] ''(Łacinka)'', which is used by part of the population. It is very easy to switch from one to another thanks to a simple system of correspondence. This coexistence of two alphabets resembles the situation of [[Serbian language|Serbian]].
 
<div align="center">
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Belarusian Alphabets
|-
! Cyrillic alphabet<br>(official)
! Łacinka or<br>Latin alphabet
! letter name
! pronunciation<br>([[Help:IPA|IPA]])
|-
| '''[[А]]''' &nbsp; '''а''' || '''a''' || '''а''' {{IPA|/a/}} || {{IPA|/a/}}
|-
| '''[[Б]]''' &nbsp; '''б''' || '''b''' || '''бэ''' {{IPA|/be/}} || {{IPA|/b/}}
|-
| '''[[В]]''' &nbsp; '''в''' || '''v''' || '''вэ''' {{IPA|/ve/}} || {{IPA|/v/}}
|-
| '''[[Г]]''' &nbsp; '''г''' || '''h''' || '''гэ''' {{IPA|/ɣe/}} || {{IPA|/ɣ/}}
|-
| '''[[Д]]''' &nbsp; '''д''' || '''d''' || '''дэ''' {{IPA|/de/}} || {{IPA|/d/}}
|-
| '''[[Е]]''' &nbsp; '''е''' || '''ie''' (initially of after vowel: '''je''') || '''е''' {{IPA|/je/}} || {{IPA|/je}}, {{IPA|/ʲe/}}
|-
| '''[[Ё]]''' &nbsp; '''ё''' || '''io''' (initially of after vowel: '''jo''') || '''ё''' {{IPA|/jo/}} || {{IPA|/jo/}}, {{IPA|/ʲo/}}
|-
| '''[[Ж]]''' &nbsp; '''ж''' || '''ž''' || '''жэ''' {{IPA|/ʒe/}} || {{IPA|/ʒ/}}
|-
| '''[[З]]''' &nbsp; '''з''' || '''z''' || '''зэ''' {{IPA|/ze/}} || {{IPA|/z/}}
|-
| '''[[І]]''' &nbsp; '''і''' || '''i''' || '''і''' {{IPA|/i/}} || {{IPA|/i/}}, {{IPA|/ʲi/}}, {{IPA|/ji/}}
|-
| '''[[Й]]''' &nbsp; '''й''' || '''j''' || '''і нескладовае'''  || {{IPA|/j/}}
|-
| '''[[К]]''' &nbsp; '''к''' || '''k''' || '''ка''' {{IPA|/ka/}} || {{IPA|/k/}}
|-
| '''[[Л]]''' &nbsp; '''л''' || '''l''' || '''эл''' {{IPA|/el/}} || {{IPA|/l/}}
|-
| → &nbsp; '''[[ЛА]]''' &nbsp; '''ла''' || → &nbsp; '''ła''' (non palatal ''l'' before ''a'') || || {{IPA|/la/}}
|-
| → &nbsp; '''[[ЛЯ]]''' &nbsp; '''ля''' || → &nbsp; '''la''' (palatal ''l'' before ''a'')  || || {{IPA|/lʲa/}}
|-
| → &nbsp; '''[[ЛЭ]]''' &nbsp; '''лэ''' || → &nbsp; '''łe''' (non palatal ''l'' before ''e'') || || {{IPA|/le/}}
|-
| → &nbsp; '''[[ЛЕ]]''' &nbsp; '''ле''' || → &nbsp; '''le''' (palatal ''l'' before ''e'') || || {{IPA|/lʲe/}}
|-
| → &nbsp; '''[[ЛО]]''' &nbsp; '''ло''' || → &nbsp; '''ło''' (non palatal ''l'' before ''o'') || || {{IPA|/lo/}}
|-
| → &nbsp; '''[[ЛЁ]]''' &nbsp; '''лё''' || → &nbsp; '''lo''' (palatal ''l'' before ''o'') || || {{IPA|/lʲo/}}
|-
| → &nbsp; '''[[ЛУ]]''' &nbsp; '''лу''' || → &nbsp; '''łu''' (non palatal ''l'' before ''u'') || || {{IPA|/lu/}}
|-
| → &nbsp; '''[[ЛЮ]]''' &nbsp; '''лю''' || → &nbsp; '''lu''' (palatal ''l'' before ''u'') || || {{IPA|/lʲu/}}
|-
| '''[[М]]''' &nbsp; '''м''' || '''m''' || '''эм''' {{IPA|/em/}} || {{IPA|/m/}}
|-
| '''[[Н]]''' &nbsp; '''н''' || '''n''' ||'''эн''' {{IPA|/en/}} || {{IPA|/n/}}
|-
| '''[[О]]''' &nbsp; '''о''' || '''o''' || '''о''' {{IPA|/o/}} || {{IPA|/o/}}
|-
| '''[[П]]''' &nbsp; '''п''' || '''p''' || '''пэ''' {{IPA|/pe/}} || {{IPA|/p/}}
|-
| '''[[Р]]''' &nbsp; '''р''' || '''r''' || '''эр''' {{IPA|/er/}} || {{IPA|/r/}}
|-
| '''[[С]]''' &nbsp; '''с''' || '''s''' || '''эс''' {{IPA|/es/}} || {{IPA|/s/}}
|-
| '''[[Т]]''' &nbsp; '''т''' || '''t''' || '''тэ''' {{IPA|/te/}} || {{IPA|/t/}}
|-
| '''[[У]]''' &nbsp; '''у''' || '''u''' || '''у''' {{IPA|/u/}} || {{IPA|/u/}}
|-
| '''[[Ў]]''' &nbsp; '''ў''' || '''ŭ''' || '''у нескладовае''' /<br/>'''у кароткае'''<br/>{{IPA|/u ɲeskladoˈvaje/}}<br/> {{IPA|/u kaˈrotkaje/}} || {{IPA|/w/}}
|-
| '''[[Ф]]''' &nbsp; '''ф''' || '''f''' || '''эф''' {{IPA|/ef/}} || {{IPA|/f/}}
|-
| '''[[Х]]''' &nbsp; '''х''' || '''ch''' || '''ха''' {{IPA|/xa/}} || {{IPA|/x/}}
|-
| '''[[Ц]]''' &nbsp; '''ц''' || '''c''' || '''цэ''' {{IPA|/tse/}} || {{IPA|/ts/}}
|-
| '''[[Ч]]''' &nbsp; '''ч''' || '''č''' || '''чэ''' {{IPA|/tʃe/}} || {{IPA|/tʃ/}}
|-
| '''[[Ш]]''' &nbsp; '''ш''' || '''š''' || '''ша''' {{IPA|/ʃa/}} || {{IPA|/ʃ/}}
|-
| '''[[Ы]]''' &nbsp; '''ы''' || '''y''' || '''ы''' {{IPA|/ɨ/}} || {{IPA|/ɪ/}}
|-
| '''[[Ь]]''' &nbsp; '''ь''' || '''´''' || '''мяккі знак'''<br/>{{IPA|/ˈmʲakkʲi znak/}} || {{IPA|/ʲ/}}
|-
| → &nbsp; '''[[ДЗЬ]]''' &nbsp; '''дзь''' || → &nbsp; '''dź''' (palatal ''dz'') || || {{IPA|/dzʲ/}}
|-
| → &nbsp; '''[[ЗЬ]]''' &nbsp; '''зь''' || → &nbsp; '''ź''' (palatal ''z'') || || {{IPA|/zʲ/}}
|-
| → &nbsp; '''[[НЬ]]''' &nbsp; '''нь''' || → &nbsp; '''ń''' (palatal ''n'') || || {{IPA|/nʲ/}}
|-
| → &nbsp; '''[[СЬ]]''' &nbsp; '''сь''' || → &nbsp; '''ś'''  (palatal ''s'') || || {{IPA|/sʲ/}}
|-
| '''[[Э]]''' &nbsp; '''э''' || '''e''' || '''э''' {{IPA|/e/}} || {{IPA|/e/}}
|-
| '''[[Ю]]''' &nbsp; '''ю''' || '''iu''' (initially of after vowel: '''ju''') || '''ю''' {{IPA|/ju/}} || {{IPA|/ju/}}, {{IPA|/ʲu/}}
|-
| '''[[Я]]''' &nbsp; '''я''' || '''ia''' (initially of after vowel: '''ja''') || '''я''' {{IPA|/ja/}} || {{IPA|/ja/}}, {{IPA|/ʲa/}}
|-
| '''[[’]]'''  || - || '''апостраф'''<br />{{IPA|/aˈpostrаf/}} || &nbsp;–
|}
</div>

Revision as of 16:41, 2 November 2008

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https://en.citizendium.org/wiki/index.php?title=Belarussian_language&printable=yes
This editable Main Article is under development and subject to a disclaimer.

Belarussian or Belarusian or Belarusan—formerly called in English Byelorussian, Belorussian, White Russian—(in its own language: беларуская мова / biełaruskaja mova) is a Slavic language mainly spoken in Belarus.

It is one of the two official languages of Belarus, the other one being Russian. Albeit Belarus has been an independent country since 1991, Russian is still the dominant language of the country.

Writing system

Belarussian may be written with the Cyrillic alphabet, which is official, or with the Latin alphabet (Łacinka), which is used by part of the population. It is very easy to switch from one to another thanks to a simple system of correspondence. This coexistence of two alphabets resembles the situation of Serbian.

Belarusian Alphabets
Cyrillic alphabet
(official) 		Łacinka or
Latin alphabet 		letter name pronunciation
(IPA)
А   а a а /a/ /a/
Б   б b бэ /be/ /b/
В   в v вэ /ve/ /v/
Г   г h гэ /ɣe/ /ɣ/
Д   д d дэ /de/ /d/
Е   е ie (initially of after vowel: je) е /je/ /je, /ʲe/
Ё   ё io (initially of after vowel: jo) ё /jo/ /jo/, /ʲo/
Ж   ж ž жэ /ʒe/ /ʒ/
З   з z зэ /ze/ /z/
І   і i і /i/ /i/, /ʲi/, /ji/
Й   й j і нескладовае /j/
К   к k ка /ka/ /k/
Л   л l эл /el/ /l/
→   ЛА   ла →   ła (non palatal l before a) /la/
→   ЛЯ   ля →   la (palatal l before a) /lʲa/
→   ЛЭ   лэ →   łe (non palatal l before e) /le/
→   ЛЕ   ле →   le (palatal l before e) /lʲe/
→   ЛО   ло →   ło (non palatal l before o) /lo/
→   ЛЁ   лё →   lo (palatal l before o) /lʲo/
→   ЛУ   лу →   łu (non palatal l before u) /lu/
→   ЛЮ   лю →   lu (palatal l before u) /lʲu/
М   м m эм /em/ /m/
Н   н n эн /en/ /n/
О   о o о /o/ /o/
П   п p пэ /pe/ /p/
Р   р r эр /er/ /r/
С   с s эс /es/ /s/
Т   т t тэ /te/ /t/
У   у u у /u/ /u/
Ў   ў ŭ у нескладовае /
у кароткае
/u ɲeskladoˈvaje/
/u kaˈrotkaje/		 /w/
Ф   ф f эф /ef/ /f/
Х   х ch ха /xa/ /x/
Ц   ц c цэ /tse/ /ts/
Ч   ч č чэ /tʃe/ /tʃ/
Ш   ш š ша /ʃa/ /ʃ/
Ы   ы y ы /ɨ/ /ɪ/
Ь   ь ´ мяккі знак
/ˈmʲakkʲi znak/		 /ʲ/
→   ДЗЬ   дзь →   dź (palatal dz) /dzʲ/
→   ЗЬ   зь →   ź (palatal z) /zʲ/
→   НЬ   нь →   ń (palatal n) /nʲ/
→   СЬ   сь →   ś (palatal s) /sʲ/
Э   э e э /e/ /e/
Ю   ю iu (initially of after vowel: ju) ю /ju/ /ju/, /ʲu/
Я   я ia (initially of after vowel: ja) я /ja/ /ja/, /ʲa/
’ - апостраф
/aˈpostrаf/		  –
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