Normality: Difference between revisions

From Citizendium
Jump to navigation Jump to search
imported>Paul Wormer
(Avogadro [6.02 not 6.23]; equivalent weight; typo.)
mNo edit summary
 
Line 6: Line 6:
where n is an integer greater than or equal to 1. In acid-base reaction n is the number of protons (forming H<sub>3</sub>O<sup>+</sup>)  donated by  one molecule of the acid. The [[molecular weight]] divided by n is the [[equivalent weight]].  
where n is an integer greater than or equal to 1. In acid-base reaction n is the number of protons (forming H<sub>3</sub>O<sup>+</sup>)  donated by  one molecule of the acid. The [[molecular weight]] divided by n is the [[equivalent weight]].  


For a monoprotic acid like [[hydrochloric acid]], HCl, which can provide only 1 mole of protons ( [[hydronium ion]]s, H<sub>3</sub>O<sup>+</sup>) per mole of acid, 1 M = 1 N.  A diprotic acid like [[sulfuric acid]], H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>, provides two moles of protons per mole of acid (n=2) and thus a 1 M solution of sulfuric acid is a 2 N solution.
For a monoprotic acid like [[hydrochloric acid]], HCl, which can provide only 1 mole of protons ( [[hydronium ion]]s, H<sub>3</sub>O<sup>+</sup>) per mole of acid, 1 M = 1 N.  A diprotic acid like [[sulfuric acid]], H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>, provides two moles of protons per mole of acid (n=2) and thus a 1 M solution of sulfuric acid is a 2 N solution.[[Category:Suggestion Bot Tag]]

Latest revision as of 17:00, 26 September 2024

This article is a stub and thus not approved.
Main Article
Discussion
Related Articles  [?]
Bibliography  [?]
External Links  [?]
Citable Version  [?]
 
This editable Main Article is under development and subject to a disclaimer.

In chemistry, normality (N) is a term used to indicate chemical concentrations that is typically only used for acid-base reactions. A 1 normal (1 N) solution of any acid can neutralize an equal volume of any 1 N base solution. A one liter volume of a 1 N acid solution will neutralize one mole, or about 6.02⋅1023 (Avogadro's number) hydroxide ions OH. Normality is always greater than or equal to the related concentration unit molarity, such that

where n is an integer greater than or equal to 1. In acid-base reaction n is the number of protons (forming H3O+) donated by one molecule of the acid. The molecular weight divided by n is the equivalent weight.

For a monoprotic acid like hydrochloric acid, HCl, which can provide only 1 mole of protons ( hydronium ions, H3O+) per mole of acid, 1 M = 1 N. A diprotic acid like sulfuric acid, H2SO4, provides two moles of protons per mole of acid (n=2) and thus a 1 M solution of sulfuric acid is a 2 N solution.