Belarussian language: Difference between revisions

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'''Belarussian''' or '''Belarusian''' or '''Belarusan'''—formerly called in English ''Byelorussian, Belorussian, White Russian''—(in its own language: ''беларуская мова / biełaruskaja mova'') is a [[Slavic language]] mainly spoken in [[Belarus]].
'''Belarussian''', '''Belarusian''' or '''Belarusan''', formerly called in [[English language|English]] ''Byelorussian, Belorussian, White Russian'' (in its own language: ''беларуская мова, biełaruskaja mova''), is a [[Slavic languages|Slavic language]] mainly spoken in [[Belarus]].


It is one of the two official languages of Belarus, the other one being [[Russian language|Russian]]. Albeit Belarus has been an independent country since 1991, Russian is still the dominant language of the country.
It is one of the two [[official language]]s of Belarus, the other being [[Russian language|Russian]]. Although Belarus has been independent since 1991, Russian is still the dominant language of the country.


==Writing system==
==Writing system==
Belarussian may be written with the [[Cyrillic alphabet]], which is official, or with the [[Latin alphabet]] ''(Łacinka)'', which is used by part of the population. It is very easy to switch from one to another thanks to a simple system of correspondence. This coexistence of two alphabets resembles the situation of [[Serbian language|Serbian]].
Belarussian may be [[written language|written]] with the [[Cyrillic alphabet]], which is official, or with the [[Latin alphabet]] ''(Łacinka)'', which is used by part of the population. The former has been used since the Middle Ages, the latter since the 16th century.<ref>See article "bielorús", p. 61, in: BADIA I CAPDEVILA Ignasi (2002) ''Diccionari de les llengües d’Europa'', coll. Diccionaris temàtics, Barcelona: Enciclopèdia Catalana</ref> It is very easy to switch from one to another thanks to a simple system of correspondence. This coexistence of two [[alphabet]]s resembles the situation of [[Serbian language|Serbian]].


<div align="center">
<div align="center">
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Belarusian Alphabets
|+ Belarussian Alphabets
|-
|-
! Cyrillic alphabet<br>(official)
! Cyrillic alphabet<br>(official)
! Cyrillic<br>letter name
! Łacinka or<br>Latin alphabet
! Łacinka or<br>Latin alphabet
! letter name
! pronunciation<br>([[Help:IPA|IPA]])
! pronunciation<br>([[Help:IPA|IPA]])
!pronunciation<br>(approximate<br>English equivalent)
|-
|-
| '''[[А]]''' &nbsp; '''а''' || '''a''' || '''а''' {{IPA|[a]}} || {{IPA|[a]}}
| '''[[А]]''' &nbsp; '''а''' || а {{IPA|[a]}} || '''A a''' || {{IPA|[a]}} || ''a'' in "f''a''ther", ''u'' in "c''u''t"
|-
|-
| '''[[Б]]''' &nbsp; '''б''' || '''b''' || '''бэ''' {{IPA|[be]}} || {{IPA|[b]}}
| '''[[Б]]''' &nbsp; '''б''' || бэ {{IPA|[be]}} || '''B b''' || {{IPA|[b]}} || ''b''
|-
|-
| '''[[В]]''' &nbsp; '''в''' || '''v''' || '''вэ''' {{IPA|[ve]}} || {{IPA|[v]}}
| '''[[В]]''' &nbsp; '''в''' || вэ {{IPA|[ve]}} || '''V v''' || {{IPA|[v]}} || ''v''
|-
|-
| '''[[Г]]''' &nbsp; '''г''' || '''h''' || '''гэ''' {{IPA|[ɣe]}} || {{IPA|[ɣ]}}
| '''[[Г]]''' &nbsp; '''г''' || гэ {{IPA|[ɣe]}} || '''H h''' || {{IPA|[ɣ]}} || between ''h'' in "''h''ot" and Scottish ''ch'' in "lo''ch''"
|-
|-
| '''[[Д]]''' &nbsp; '''д''' || '''d''' || '''дэ''' {{IPA|[de]}} || {{IPA|[d]}}
| '''[[Д]]''' &nbsp; '''д''' || дэ {{IPA|[de]}} || '''D d''' || {{IPA|[d]}} || ''d''
|-
|-
| '''[[Е]]''' &nbsp; '''е''' || '''ie''' (initially or after vowel: '''je''') || '''е''' {{IPA|[je]}} || {{IPA|[je]}}, {{IPA|[ʲe]}}
| '''[[Е]]''' &nbsp; '''е''' || е {{IPA|[je]}} || '''IE ie''' (initially or after vowel: '''JE&nbsp;je''') || {{IPA|[je]}}, {{IPA|[ʲe]}} || ''ye'' in "''ye''t"
|-
|-
| '''[[Ё]]''' &nbsp; '''ё''' || '''io''' (initially or after vowel: '''jo''') || '''ё''' {{IPA|[jo]}} || {{IPA|[jo]}}, {{IPA|[ʲo]}}
| '''[[Ё]]''' &nbsp; '''ё''' || ё {{IPA|[jo]}} || '''IO io''' (initially or after vowel: '''JO&nbsp;jo''') || {{IPA|[jo]}}, {{IPA|[ʲo]}} || ''yo'' in "''Yo''rk"
|-
|-
| '''[[Ж]]''' &nbsp; '''ж''' || '''ž''' || '''жэ''' {{IPA|[ʒe]}} || {{IPA|[ʒ]}}
| '''[[Ж]]''' &nbsp; '''ж''' || жэ {{IPA|[ʒe]}} || '''Ž ž''' || {{IPA|[ʒ]}} || ''s'' in "plea''s''ure"
|-
|-
| '''[[З]]''' &nbsp; '''з''' || '''z''' || '''зэ''' {{IPA|[ze]}} || {{IPA|[z]}}
| '''[[З]]''' &nbsp; '''з''' || зэ {{IPA|[ze]}} || '''Z z''' || {{IPA|[z]}} || ''z''
|-
|-
| '''[[І]]''' &nbsp; '''і''' || '''i''' || '''і''' {{IPA|[i]}} || {{IPA|[i]}}, {{IPA|[ʲi]}}, {{IPA|[ji]}}
| '''[[І]]''' &nbsp; '''і''' || і {{IPA|[i]}} || '''I i''' || {{IPA|[i]}}, {{IPA|[ʲi]}}, {{IPA|[ji]}} || ''i'' in "l''i''nk", ''yi'' in "''Yi''ddish"
|-
|-
| '''[[Й]]''' &nbsp; '''й''' || '''j''' || '''і нескладовае''' || {{IPA|[j]}}
| '''[[Й]]''' &nbsp; '''й''' || і нескладовае  || '''J j''' || {{IPA|[j]}} || ''y'' in "bo''y''"
|-
|-
| '''[[К]]''' &nbsp; '''к''' || '''k''' || '''ка''' {{IPA|[ka]}} || {{IPA|[k]}}
| '''[[К]]''' &nbsp; '''к''' || ка {{IPA|[ka]}} || '''K k''' || {{IPA|[k]}} || ''k''
|-
|-
| '''[[Л]]''' &nbsp; '''л''' || '''l''' || '''эл''' {{IPA|[el]}} || {{IPA|[l]}}
| '''[[Л]]''' &nbsp; '''л''' || эл {{IPA|[el]}} || - '''L l''' (palatal)<br>- '''Ł ł''' (non palatal) || - {{IPA|[lʲ]}} (palatal)<br>- {{IPA|[l]}} (non palatal) || - ''li'' (palatal in "mi''lli''on")<br>- ''l'' (non palatal in "''l''ook")
|-
|-
| → &nbsp; '''[[ЛА]]''' &nbsp; '''ла''' || → &nbsp; '''ła''' (non palatal ''l'' before ''a'') || || {{IPA|[la]}}
| → &nbsp; '''[[ЛА]]''' &nbsp; '''ла''' || || → &nbsp; '''ŁA ła''' (non palatal ''l'' before ''a'') || {{IPA|[la]}} || ''la'' in "''la''rge"
|-
|-
| → &nbsp; '''[[ЛЯ]]''' &nbsp; '''ля''' || → &nbsp; '''la''' (palatal ''l'' before ''a'')  || || {{IPA|[lʲa]}}
| → &nbsp; '''[[ЛЯ]]''' &nbsp; '''ля''' || || → &nbsp; '''LA la''' (palatal ''l'' before ''a'')  || {{IPA|[lʲa]}} || ''l-ya'' in "sma''ll ya''rd"
|-
|-
| → &nbsp; '''[[ЛЭ]]''' &nbsp; '''лэ''' || → &nbsp; '''łe''' (non palatal ''l'' before ''e'') || || {{IPA|[le]}}
| → &nbsp; '''[[ЛЭ]]''' &nbsp; '''лэ''' || || → &nbsp; '''ŁE łe''' (non palatal ''l'' before ''e'') || {{IPA|[le]}} || ''le'' in "''le''t"
|-
|-
| → &nbsp; '''[[ЛЕ]]''' &nbsp; '''ле''' || → &nbsp; '''le''' (palatal ''l'' before ''e'') || || {{IPA|[lʲe]}}
| → &nbsp; '''[[ЛЕ]]''' &nbsp; '''ле''' || || → &nbsp; '''LE le''' (palatal ''l'' before ''e'') || {{IPA|[lʲe]}} || ''l-ye'' in "wi''ll ye''ll"
|-
|-
| → &nbsp; '''[[ЛО]]''' &nbsp; '''ло''' || → &nbsp; '''ło''' (non palatal ''l'' before ''o'') || || {{IPA|[lo]}}
| → &nbsp; '''[[ЛО]]''' &nbsp; '''ло''' || || → &nbsp; '''ŁO ło''' (non palatal ''l'' before ''o'') || {{IPA|[lo]}} || ''lo'' in "''lo''rd"
|-
|-
| → &nbsp; '''[[ЛЁ]]''' &nbsp; '''лё''' || → &nbsp; '''lo''' (palatal ''l'' before ''o'') || || {{IPA|[lʲo]}}
| → &nbsp; '''[[ЛЁ]]''' &nbsp; '''лё''' || || → &nbsp; '''LO lo''' (palatal ''l'' before ''o'') || {{IPA|[lʲo]}} || ''l-yo'' in "a''ll yo''ur"
|-
|-
| → &nbsp; '''[[ЛУ]]''' &nbsp; '''лу''' || → &nbsp; '''łu''' (non palatal ''l'' before ''u'') || || {{IPA|[lu]}}
| → &nbsp; '''[[ЛУ]]''' &nbsp; '''лу''' || || → &nbsp; '''ŁU łu''' (non palatal ''l'' before ''u'') || {{IPA|[lu]}} || ''loo'' in "''loo''k"
|-
|-
| → &nbsp; '''[[ЛЮ]]''' &nbsp; '''лю''' || → &nbsp; '''lu''' (palatal ''l'' before ''u'') || || {{IPA|[lʲu]}}
| → &nbsp; '''[[ЛЮ]]''' &nbsp; '''лю''' || || → &nbsp; '''LU lu''' (palatal ''l'' before ''u'') || {{IPA|[lʲu]}} || ''l-you'' in "ca''ll you''"
|-
|-
| '''[[М]]''' &nbsp; '''м''' || '''m''' || '''эм''' {{IPA|[em]}} || {{IPA|[m]}}
| '''[[М]]''' &nbsp; '''м''' || эм {{IPA|[em]}} || '''M m''' || {{IPA|[m]}} || ''m''
|-
|-
| '''[[Н]]''' &nbsp; '''н''' || '''n''' ||'''эн''' {{IPA|[en]}} || {{IPA|[n]}}
| '''[[Н]]''' &nbsp; '''н''' || эн {{IPA|[en]}} || '''N n''' || {{IPA|[n]}} || ''n''
|-
|-
| '''[[О]]''' &nbsp; '''о''' || '''o''' || '''о''' {{IPA|[o]}} || {{IPA|[o]}}
| '''[[О]]''' &nbsp; '''о''' || о {{IPA|[o]}} || '''O o''' || {{IPA|[o]}} || ''aw'' in "s''aw''", ''o'' in "s''o''ng"
|-
|-
| '''[[П]]''' &nbsp; '''п''' || '''p''' || '''пэ''' {{IPA|[pe]}} || {{IPA|[p]}}
| '''[[П]]''' &nbsp; '''п''' || пэ {{IPA|[pe]}} || '''P p''' || {{IPA|[p]}} || ''p''
|-
|-
| '''[[Р]]''' &nbsp; '''р''' || '''r''' || '''эр''' {{IPA|[er]}} || {{IPA|[r]}}
| '''[[Р]]''' &nbsp; '''р''' || эр {{IPA|[er]}} || '''R r''' || {{IPA|[r]}} || rolled ''r''
|-
|-
| '''[[С]]''' &nbsp; '''с''' || '''s''' || '''эс''' {{IPA|[es]}} || {{IPA|[s]}}
| '''[[С]]''' &nbsp; '''с''' || эс {{IPA|[es]}} || '''S s''' || {{IPA|[s]}} || ''s''
|-
|-
| '''[[Т]]''' &nbsp; '''т''' || '''t''' || '''тэ''' {{IPA|[te]}} || {{IPA|[t]}}
| '''[[Т]]''' &nbsp; '''т''' || тэ {{IPA|[te]}} || '''T t''' || {{IPA|[t]}} || ''t''
|-
|-
| '''[[У]]''' &nbsp; '''у''' || '''u''' || '''у''' {{IPA|[u]}} || {{IPA|[u]}}
| '''[[У]]''' &nbsp; '''у''' || у {{IPA|[u]}} || '''U u''' || {{IPA|[u]}} || ''oo'' in "l''oo''k" or "s''oo''n"
|-
|-
| '''[[Ў]]''' &nbsp; '''ў''' || '''ŭ''' || '''у нескладовае''' /<br/>'''у кароткае'''<br/>{{IPA|[u ɲeskladoˈvaje]}}<br/> {{IPA|[u kaˈrotkaje]}} || {{IPA|[w]}}
| '''[[Ў]]''' &nbsp; '''ў''' || у нескладовае,<br>у кароткае || '''Ŭ ŭ''' || {{IPA|[w]}} || ''w'' in "no''w''"
|-
|-
| '''[[Ф]]''' &nbsp; '''ф''' || '''f''' || '''эф''' {{IPA|[ef]}} || {{IPA|[f]}}
| '''[[Ф]]''' &nbsp; '''ф''' || эф {{IPA|[ef]}} || '''F f''' || {{IPA|[f]}} || ''f''
|-
|-
| '''[[Х]]''' &nbsp; '''х''' || '''ch''' || '''ха''' {{IPA|[xa]}} || {{IPA|[x]}}
| '''[[Х]]''' &nbsp; '''х''' || ха {{IPA|[xa]}} || '''CH ch''' || {{IPA|[x]}} || Scottish ''ch'' in "lo''ch''"
|-
|-
| '''[[Ц]]''' &nbsp; '''ц''' || '''c''' || '''цэ''' {{IPA|[tse]}} || {{IPA|[ts]}}
| '''[[Ц]]''' &nbsp; '''ц''' || цэ {{IPA|[tse]}} || '''C c''' || {{IPA|[ts]}} || ''ts''
|-
|-
| '''[[Ч]]''' &nbsp; '''ч''' || '''č''' || '''чэ''' {{IPA|[tʃe]}} || {{IPA|[tʃ]}}
| '''[[Ч]]''' &nbsp; '''ч''' || чэ {{IPA|[tʃe]}} || '''Č č''' || {{IPA|[tʃ]}} || ''ch'' in "su''ch''"
|-
|-
| '''[[Ш]]''' &nbsp; '''ш''' || '''š''' || '''ша''' {{IPA|[ʃa]}} || {{IPA|[ʃ]}}
| '''[[Ш]]''' &nbsp; '''ш''' || ша {{IPA|[ʃa]}} || '''Š š''' || {{IPA|[ʃ]}} || ''sh''
|-
|-
| '''[[Ы]]''' &nbsp; '''ы''' || '''y''' || '''ы''' {{IPA|[ɨ]}} || {{IPA|[ɨ]}}
| '''[[Ы]]''' &nbsp; '''ы''' || ы {{IPA|[ɨ]}} || '''Y y''' || {{IPA|[ɨ]}} || Resembles ''ir'' in "f''ir''st".
|-
|-
| '''[[Ь]]''' &nbsp; '''ь''' || '''´''' (acute accent) || '''мяккі знак'''<br/>{{IPA|[ˈmʲakkʲi znak]}} || {{IPA|[ʲ]}}
| '''[[Ь]]''' &nbsp; '''ь''' || мяккі знак || '''´''' (acute accent) || {{IPA|[ʲ]}} || ''i'' in "mill''i''on"
|-
|-
| → &nbsp; '''[[ДЗЬ]]''' &nbsp; '''дзь''' || → &nbsp; '''dź''' (palatal ''dz'') || || {{IPA|[dzʲ]}}
| → &nbsp; '''[[ДЗЬ]]''' &nbsp; '''дзь''' || || → &nbsp; '''DŹ dź''' (palatal ''dz'') || {{IPA|[dzʲ]}} || ''ds-y'' in "nee''ds y''ou"
|-
|-
| → &nbsp; '''[[ЗЬ]]''' &nbsp; '''зь''' || → &nbsp; '''ź''' (palatal ''z'') || || {{IPA|[zʲ]}}
| → &nbsp; '''[[ЗЬ]]''' &nbsp; '''зь''' || || → &nbsp; '''Ź ź''' (palatal ''z'') || {{IPA|[zʲ]}} || ''s-y'' in "see''s y''ou"
|-
|-
| → &nbsp; '''[[НЬ]]''' &nbsp; '''нь''' || → &nbsp; '''ń''' (palatal ''n'') || || {{IPA|[nʲ]}}
| → &nbsp; '''[[НЬ]]''' &nbsp; '''нь''' || || → &nbsp; '''Ń ń''' (palatal ''n'') || {{IPA|[nʲ]}} || ''ni'' in "o''ni''on"
|-
|-
| → &nbsp; '''[[СЬ]]''' &nbsp; '''сь''' || → &nbsp; '''ś'''  (palatal ''s'') || || {{IPA|[sʲ]}}
| → &nbsp; '''[[СЬ]]''' &nbsp; '''сь''' || || → &nbsp; '''Ś ś'''  (palatal ''s'') || {{IPA|[sʲ]}} || ''ss-y'' in "ble''ss y''ou"
|-
|-
| '''[[Э]]''' &nbsp; '''э''' || '''e''' || '''э''' {{IPA|[e]}} || {{IPA|[e]}}
| '''[[Э]]''' &nbsp; '''э''' || э {{IPA|[e]}} || '''E e''' || {{IPA|[e]}} || ''e'' in "l''e''t"
|-
|-
| '''[[Ю]]''' &nbsp; '''ю''' || '''iu''' (initially or after vowel: '''ju''') || '''ю''' {{IPA|[ju]}} || {{IPA|[ju]}}, {{IPA|[ʲu]}}
| '''[[Ю]]''' &nbsp; '''ю''' || ю {{IPA|[ju]}} || '''IU iu''' (initially or after vowel: '''JU&nbsp;ju''') || {{IPA|[ju]}}, {{IPA|[ʲu]}} || ''u'' in "c''u''te"
|-
|-
| '''[[Я]]''' &nbsp; '''я''' || '''ia''' (initially or after vowel: '''ja''') || '''я''' {{IPA|[ja]}} || {{IPA|[ja]}}, {{IPA|[ʲa]}}
| '''[[Я]]''' &nbsp; '''я''' || я {{IPA|[ja]}} || '''IA ia''' (initially or after vowel: '''JA&nbsp;ja''') || {{IPA|[ja]}}, {{IPA|[ʲa]}} || ''ya'' in "''ya''rd"
|-
|-
| '''[[’]]'''  || '''’''' || '''апостраф'''<br />{{IPA|[aˈpostrаf]}} || &nbsp;–
| '''[[’]]'''  || апостраф<br />{{IPA|[aˈpostrаf]}} || '''’''' || &nbsp;– || -
|}
|}
</div>
</div>
==Footnotes==
{{reflist}}[[Category:Suggestion Bot Tag]]

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https://en.citizendium.org/wiki/index.php?title=Belarussian_language&printable=yes
This editable Main Article is under development and subject to a disclaimer.

Belarussian, Belarusian or Belarusan, formerly called in English Byelorussian, Belorussian, White Russian (in its own language: беларуская мова, biełaruskaja mova), is a Slavic language mainly spoken in Belarus.

It is one of the two official languages of Belarus, the other being Russian. Although Belarus has been independent since 1991, Russian is still the dominant language of the country.

Writing system

Belarussian may be written with the Cyrillic alphabet, which is official, or with the Latin alphabet (Łacinka), which is used by part of the population. The former has been used since the Middle Ages, the latter since the 16th century.[1] It is very easy to switch from one to another thanks to a simple system of correspondence. This coexistence of two alphabets resembles the situation of Serbian.

Belarussian Alphabets
Cyrillic alphabet
(official) 		Cyrillic
letter name 		Łacinka or
Latin alphabet 		pronunciation
(IPA) 		pronunciation
(approximate
English equivalent)
А   а а [a] A a [a] a in "father", u in "cut"
Б   б бэ [be] B b [b] b
В   в вэ [ve] V v [v] v
Г   г гэ [ɣe] H h [ɣ] between h in "hot" and Scottish ch in "loch"
Д   д дэ [de] D d [d] d
Е   е е [je] IE ie (initially or after vowel: JE je) [je], [ʲe] ye in "yet"
Ё   ё ё [jo] IO io (initially or after vowel: JO jo) [jo], [ʲo] yo in "York"
Ж   ж жэ [ʒe] Ž ž [ʒ] s in "pleasure"
З   з зэ [ze] Z z [z] z
І   і і [i] I i [i], [ʲi], [ji] i in "link", yi in "Yiddish"
Й   й і нескладовае J j [j] y in "boy"
К   к ка [ka] K k [k] k
Л   л эл [el] - L l (palatal)
- Ł ł (non palatal)		 - [lʲ] (palatal)
- [l] (non palatal)		 - li (palatal in "million")
- l (non palatal in "look")
→   ЛА   ла →   ŁA ła (non palatal l before a) [la] la in "large"
→   ЛЯ   ля →   LA la (palatal l before a) [lʲa] l-ya in "small yard"
→   ЛЭ   лэ →   ŁE łe (non palatal l before e) [le] le in "let"
→   ЛЕ   ле →   LE le (palatal l before e) [lʲe] l-ye in "will yell"
→   ЛО   ло →   ŁO ło (non palatal l before o) [lo] lo in "lord"
→   ЛЁ   лё →   LO lo (palatal l before o) [lʲo] l-yo in "all your"
→   ЛУ   лу →   ŁU łu (non palatal l before u) [lu] loo in "look"
→   ЛЮ   лю →   LU lu (palatal l before u) [lʲu] l-you in "call you"
М   м эм [em] M m [m] m
Н   н эн [en] N n [n] n
О   о о [o] O o [o] aw in "saw", o in "song"
П   п пэ [pe] P p [p] p
Р   р эр [er] R r [r] rolled r
С   с эс [es] S s [s] s
Т   т тэ [te] T t [t] t
У   у у [u] U u [u] oo in "look" or "soon"
Ў   ў у нескладовае,
у кароткае		 Ŭ ŭ [w] w in "now"
Ф   ф эф [ef] F f [f] f
Х   х ха [xa] CH ch [x] Scottish ch in "loch"
Ц   ц цэ [tse] C c [ts] ts
Ч   ч чэ [tʃe] Č č [tʃ] ch in "such"
Ш   ш ша [ʃa] Š š [ʃ] sh
Ы   ы ы [ɨ] Y y [ɨ] Resembles ir in "first".
Ь   ь мяккі знак ´ (acute accent) [ʲ] i in "million"
→   ДЗЬ   дзь →   DŹ dź (palatal dz) [dzʲ] ds-y in "needs you"
→   ЗЬ   зь →   Ź ź (palatal z) [zʲ] s-y in "sees you"
→   НЬ   нь →   Ń ń (palatal n) [nʲ] ni in "onion"
→   СЬ   сь →   Ś ś (palatal s) [sʲ] ss-y in "bless you"
Э   э э [e] E e [e] e in "let"
Ю   ю ю [ju] IU iu (initially or after vowel: JU ju) [ju], [ʲu] u in "cute"
Я   я я [ja] IA ia (initially or after vowel: JA ja) [ja], [ʲa] ya in "yard"
’ апостраф
[aˈpostrаf]		 ’  – -

Footnotes

  1. ↑ See article "bielorús", p. 61, in: BADIA I CAPDEVILA Ignasi (2002) Diccionari de les llengües d’Europa, coll. Diccionaris temàtics, Barcelona: Enciclopèdia Catalana
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