MQ-1 Predator: Difference between revisions
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According to its developer, the United States Air Force, the '''MQ-1 Predator''' is a system of MQ-1 [[unmanned aerial vehicle]]s (UAV), a ground control station and remote control communications, and operating crew and support personnel; the '''RQ-1''' designation refers to the entire system.<ref name=MQ >{{citation | |||
| first = Andeas | last = Parsch | | first = Andeas | last = Parsch | ||
| url = http://www.designation-systems.net/dusrm/app2/q-1.html | | url = http://www.designation-systems.net/dusrm/app2/q-1.html | ||
| journal = DesignationSystems.net | | journal = DesignationSystems.net | ||
| title = General Atomics RQ/MQ-1 Predator | | title = General Atomics RQ/MQ-1 Predator | ||
}}</ref>Formally, the MQ-1 Predator is a medium-altitude, long-endurance, remotely piloted UAV now optimized for armed reconnaissance. Its secondary mission is as a "Joint Forces Air Component Commander-owned theater asset for reconnaissance, surveillance and target acquisition in support of the Joint Forces commander."<ref name=MQ1-USAF-Fact>{{citation | }}</ref> In many respects, it was a proof of concept, with the prototype RQ-1 first used extensively in Bosnia in 1995, with its surveillance information distributed to many [[NATO]] countries; the [[Italian Air Force]] also flies it. <ref name=AFT>{{citation | ||
| title = Predator RQ-1 / MQ-1 / MQ-9 Reaper - Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV), USA | |||
| url = http://www.airforce-technology.com/projects/predator/ | |||
| journal = Air Force Technology}}</ref> | |||
Formally, the MQ-1 Predator is a medium-altitude, long-endurance, remotely piloted UAV now optimized for armed reconnaissance. Its secondary mission is as a "Joint Forces Air Component Commander-owned theater asset for reconnaissance, surveillance and target acquisition in support of the Joint Forces commander."<ref name=MQ1-USAF-Fact>{{citation | |||
| url = http://www.af.mil/factsheets/factsheet.asp?fsID=122 | | url = http://www.af.mil/factsheets/factsheet.asp?fsID=122 | ||
| title = MQ-1 Predator fact sheet | | title = MQ-1 Predator fact sheet | ||
| journal = Air Force Link | | journal = Air Force Link | ||
| author = [[United States Air Force]]}}</ref> | | author = [[United States Air Force]]}}</ref> It is to be replaced by the [[MQ-9 Reaper]], originally called "Predator B", which is roughly twice the size, with aerodynamic and electronic improvements. | ||
== | ==Flight operations== | ||
One pilot and two sensor operators control the Predator, from workstations inside the ground station, using a line-of-sight or satellite command link. The UAV can take off and land on a 5,000 by 75 feet (1,524 meters by 23 meters), hard surface runway with clear line-of-sight. | One pilot and two sensor operators control the Predator, from workstations inside the ground station, using a line-of-sight or satellite command link. The UAV can take off and land on a 5,000 by 75 feet (1,524 meters by 23 meters), hard surface runway with clear line-of-sight. | ||
The | In 1996, the Predator was used to provide imagery in Bosnia; the [[Global Broadcast Service]] satellite system was introduced to distribute the video. Ground stations also send the imagery into intelligence networks using the [[TROJAN SPIRIT]] communications systems. | ||
==Sensors== | |||
The aircraft is equipped with a color nose camera (generally used by the pilot for flight control), a day variable-aperture TV camera, a variable-aperture infrared camera (for low light/night), and a [[Radar MASINT#Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) and Inverse Synthetic Aperture Radar (ISAR) MASINT|synthetic aperture radar]]for looking through smoke, clouds or haze. The cameras produce full motion video while the SAR produces still frame radar images. | |||
A [[Northrop Grumman]] ASIP-1C signals intelligence package now flown on the [[U-2 Dragon Lady|U-2]] manned reconnaissance aircraft is being integrated with the Predator, as well as the [[MQ-9 Reaper]]. This package is optimized to intercept lower-frequency communications, such as mobile telephones. It is also carried by the [[MQ-4 Global Hawk]] long-range UAV and the [[RC-12 GUARDRAIL]] manned surveillance aircraft. <ref>{{citation | |||
| title = Predator, Reaper to add electronic warfare payload | |||
| author = Stephen Trimble | |||
| date = April 25, 2008 | |||
| journal = Flight International | |||
| url = http://www.flightglobal.com/articles/2008/04/25/223233/predator-reaper-to-add-electronic-warfare-payload.html}}</ref> | |||
==Weapons== | |||
Armed Predators have been used in combat, beginning on 5 November 2002. A Predator-launched Hellfire struck a car in Yemen, containing [[Al-Qaeda]] members. The Predator was under the control of a [[Central Intelligence Agency]] crew.<ref name = "Addicott"> {{citation | |||
| author =Jeffrey Addicott | | author =Jeffrey Addicott | ||
| date = 7 November 2002 | | date = 7 November 2002 | ||
| Line 20: | Line 39: | ||
}} </ref> | }} </ref> | ||
The MQ-1 Predator carries the Multi-spectral Targeting Syste (MTS) for the [[AGM-114 Hellfire]] [[air-to-surface missile]] targeting capability and integrates electro-optical, infrared, laser designator and laser illuminator into a single sensor package. The Predator can carry two Hellfire missiles. | The MQ-1 Predator carries the Multi-spectral Targeting Syste (MTS) for the [[AGM-114 Hellfire]] [[air-to-surface missile]] targeting capability and integrates electro-optical, infrared, laser designator and laser illuminator into a single sensor package. The Predator can carry two Hellfire missiles. | ||
An electronic warfare variant | Predators can also drop [[Brilliant Anti-Tank]] (BAT) munition, developed but not deployed for the [[MGM-140 ATACMS]] guided missile. BAT has a loitering capability that Hellfire does not. | ||
An electronic warfare variant has been planned, <ref name=GloSecGrowler>{{citation | |||
| journal = Globalsecurity.com | | journal = Globalsecurity.com | ||
| title =EA-18G Airborne Electronic Attack Aircraft F/A-18G "Growler" | | title =EA-18G Airborne Electronic Attack Aircraft F/A-18G "Growler" | ||
| url = http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/systems/aircraft/f-18g.htm}}</ref> | | url = http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/systems/aircraft/f-18g.htm}}</ref> but an attempt to integrate the Core Component Jammer from the [[B-52]] was cancelled due to high cost.<ref>{{citation | ||
| title = High Stress Numbers Game | |||
| volume = 91 | issue = 12 | |||
| date = December 2008 | |||
| journal = Air Force Magazine | |||
|url = http://www.airforce-magazine.com/MagazineArchive/Pages/2008/December%202008/1208game.aspx | |||
| author = John A. Tirpak | |||
}}</ref> Most "electronic warfare" references to the Predator actually discuss signals intelligence, not [[electronic attack]] payloads. | |||
==Specifications== | ==Specifications== | ||
According to the U.S. Air Force, | According to the U.S. Air Force, | ||
| Line 52: | Line 78: | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{reflist|2}} | {{reflist|2}} | ||
[[Category:Reviewed Passed if Improved]][[Category:Suggestion Bot Tag]] | |||
Latest revision as of 11:00, 14 September 2024
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 According to its developer, the United States Air Force, the MQ-1 Predator is a system of MQ-1 unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV), a ground control station and remote control communications, and operating crew and support personnel; the RQ-1 designation refers to the entire system.[1] In many respects, it was a proof of concept, with the prototype RQ-1 first used extensively in Bosnia in 1995, with its surveillance information distributed to many NATO countries; the Italian Air Force also flies it. [2] Formally, the MQ-1 Predator is a medium-altitude, long-endurance, remotely piloted UAV now optimized for armed reconnaissance. Its secondary mission is as a "Joint Forces Air Component Commander-owned theater asset for reconnaissance, surveillance and target acquisition in support of the Joint Forces commander."[3] It is to be replaced by the MQ-9 Reaper, originally called "Predator B", which is roughly twice the size, with aerodynamic and electronic improvements. Flight operationsOne pilot and two sensor operators control the Predator, from workstations inside the ground station, using a line-of-sight or satellite command link. The UAV can take off and land on a 5,000 by 75 feet (1,524 meters by 23 meters), hard surface runway with clear line-of-sight. In 1996, the Predator was used to provide imagery in Bosnia; the Global Broadcast Service satellite system was introduced to distribute the video. Ground stations also send the imagery into intelligence networks using the TROJAN SPIRIT communications systems. SensorsThe aircraft is equipped with a color nose camera (generally used by the pilot for flight control), a day variable-aperture TV camera, a variable-aperture infrared camera (for low light/night), and a synthetic aperture radarfor looking through smoke, clouds or haze. The cameras produce full motion video while the SAR produces still frame radar images. A Northrop Grumman ASIP-1C signals intelligence package now flown on the U-2 manned reconnaissance aircraft is being integrated with the Predator, as well as the MQ-9 Reaper. This package is optimized to intercept lower-frequency communications, such as mobile telephones. It is also carried by the MQ-4 Global Hawk long-range UAV and the RC-12 GUARDRAIL manned surveillance aircraft. [4] WeaponsArmed Predators have been used in combat, beginning on 5 November 2002. A Predator-launched Hellfire struck a car in Yemen, containing Al-Qaeda members. The Predator was under the control of a Central Intelligence Agency crew.[5] The MQ-1 Predator carries the Multi-spectral Targeting Syste (MTS) for the AGM-114 Hellfire air-to-surface missile targeting capability and integrates electro-optical, infrared, laser designator and laser illuminator into a single sensor package. The Predator can carry two Hellfire missiles. Predators can also drop Brilliant Anti-Tank (BAT) munition, developed but not deployed for the MGM-140 ATACMS guided missile. BAT has a loitering capability that Hellfire does not. An electronic warfare variant has been planned, [6] but an attempt to integrate the Core Component Jammer from the B-52 was cancelled due to high cost.[7] Most "electronic warfare" references to the Predator actually discuss signals intelligence, not electronic attack payloads. SpecificationsAccording to the U.S. Air Force,
Unit Cost: $40 million (fiscal 1997 dollars) (includes 4 aircraft, ground control stations, and Predator Primary Satellite Link) Inventory: Active force, 102; ANG, 0; Reserve, 0 References
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