Haloperidol: Difference between revisions
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In [[psychiatry]], [[haloperidol]] is a "phenyl-piperidinyl-butyrophenone that is used primarily to treat [[schizophrenia]] and other [[psychosis|psychoses]]. It is also used in schizoaffective disorder, delusional disorders, ballism, and Tourette syndrome (a drug of choice) and occasionally as adjunctive therapy in mental retardation and the chorea of Huntington disease. It is a potent antiemetic and is used in the treatment of intractable hiccups."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2007/MB_cgi?mode=&term=haloperidol |title=Haloperidol|author=National Library of Medicine |accessdate=2007-11-07 |format= |work=}}</ref> | |||
==Dosage== | ==Dosage== | ||
===Acute agitation=== | ===Acute agitation=== | ||
Haloperidol (10 mg) and promethazine (25 mg or 50 mg) intramuscular injection, combined in the same syringe will make 91% of adults either tranquil or asleep at 15 minutes.<ref name="pmid17954514">{{cite journal |author=Raveendran NS, Tharyan P, Alexander J, Adams CE |title=Rapid tranquillisation in psychiatric emergency settings in India: pragmatic randomised controlled trial of intramuscular olanzapine versus intramuscular haloperidol plus promethazine |journal=BMJ |volume=335 |issue=7625 |pages=865 |year=2007 |pmid=17954514 |doi=10.1136/bmj.39341.608519.BE}}</ref> This is similar to 10 mg [[ | Haloperidol (10 mg) and promethazine (25 mg or 50 mg) intramuscular injection, combined in the same syringe will make 91% of adults either tranquil or asleep at 15 minutes.<ref name="pmid17954514">{{cite journal |author=Raveendran NS, Tharyan P, Alexander J, Adams CE |title=Rapid tranquillisation in psychiatric emergency settings in India: pragmatic randomised controlled trial of intramuscular olanzapine versus intramuscular haloperidol plus promethazine |journal=BMJ |volume=335 |issue=7625 |pages=865 |year=2007 |pmid=17954514 |doi=10.1136/bmj.39341.608519.BE}}</ref> This is similar to 10 mg [[olanzapine]] intramuscularlly will make 87% of adults either tranquil or asleep at 15 minutes.<ref name="pmid17954514"/> | ||
===Delirium=== | |||
Haloperidol less than 3 mg per day can improve [[delirium]].<ref name="pmid17443602">{{cite journal |author=Lonergan E, Britton AM, Luxenberg J, Wyller T |title=Antipsychotics for delirium |journal=Cochrane Database Syst Rev |volume= |issue=2 |pages=CD005594 |year=2007 |pmid=17443602 |doi=10.1002/14651858.CD005594.pub2 |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD005594.pub2 |issn=}}</ref> | |||
===Dementia=== | ===Dementia=== | ||
Haloperidol 1 mg per day with gradual increase in dose might reduce the chance of extrapyramidal [[adverse | Haloperidol 1 mg per day with gradual increase in dose might reduce the chance of extrapyramidal [[drug-related side effects and adverse reactions]]s in patients treated for [[dementia]].<ref name="pmid9812111">{{cite journal |author=Devanand DP, Marder K, Michaels KS, ''et al'' |title=A randomized, placebo-controlled dose-comparison trial of haloperidol for psychosis and disruptive behaviors in Alzheimer's disease |journal=The American journal of psychiatry |volume=155 |issue=11 |pages=1512–20 |year=1998 |pmid=9812111 |doi=}}</ref> | ||
==Availability== | |||
Haldol | |||
==Adverse effects== | |||
===Dystonia=== | |||
Haloperidol may cause acute dystonia. This is treated with either [[benztropine]] 1 to 4 mg intravenously or intramuscularly up to maximum 6 milligrams/day or [[diphenhydramine]] 25 to 50 mg intravenously over 2 minutes up to 100 milligrams/dose or 400 milligrams/day.<ref>Anonymous. Butyrophenones. In: POISINDEX® System [intranet database]. Version 5.1. Greenwood Village, Colo: Thomson Healthcare.</ref> | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
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==External links== | ==External links== | ||
{{CZMed|haloperidol|Haloperidol}}[[Category:Suggestion Bot Tag]] | |||
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Latest revision as of 11:00, 25 August 2024
In psychiatry, haloperidol is a "phenyl-piperidinyl-butyrophenone that is used primarily to treat schizophrenia and other psychoses. It is also used in schizoaffective disorder, delusional disorders, ballism, and Tourette syndrome (a drug of choice) and occasionally as adjunctive therapy in mental retardation and the chorea of Huntington disease. It is a potent antiemetic and is used in the treatment of intractable hiccups."[1]
Dosage
Acute agitation
Haloperidol (10 mg) and promethazine (25 mg or 50 mg) intramuscular injection, combined in the same syringe will make 91% of adults either tranquil or asleep at 15 minutes.[2] This is similar to 10 mg olanzapine intramuscularlly will make 87% of adults either tranquil or asleep at 15 minutes.[2]
Delirium
Haloperidol less than 3 mg per day can improve delirium.[3]
Dementia
Haloperidol 1 mg per day with gradual increase in dose might reduce the chance of extrapyramidal drug-related side effects and adverse reactionss in patients treated for dementia.[4]
Availability
Haldol
Adverse effects
Dystonia
Haloperidol may cause acute dystonia. This is treated with either benztropine 1 to 4 mg intravenously or intramuscularly up to maximum 6 milligrams/day or diphenhydramine 25 to 50 mg intravenously over 2 minutes up to 100 milligrams/dose or 400 milligrams/day.[5]
References
- ↑ National Library of Medicine. Haloperidol. Retrieved on 2007-11-07.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Raveendran NS, Tharyan P, Alexander J, Adams CE (2007). "Rapid tranquillisation in psychiatric emergency settings in India: pragmatic randomised controlled trial of intramuscular olanzapine versus intramuscular haloperidol plus promethazine". BMJ 335 (7625): 865. DOI:10.1136/bmj.39341.608519.BE. PMID 17954514. Research Blogging.
- ↑ Lonergan E, Britton AM, Luxenberg J, Wyller T (2007). "Antipsychotics for delirium". Cochrane Database Syst Rev (2): CD005594. DOI:10.1002/14651858.CD005594.pub2. PMID 17443602. Research Blogging.
- ↑ Devanand DP, Marder K, Michaels KS, et al (1998). "A randomized, placebo-controlled dose-comparison trial of haloperidol for psychosis and disruptive behaviors in Alzheimer's disease". The American journal of psychiatry 155 (11): 1512–20. PMID 9812111. [e]
- ↑ Anonymous. Butyrophenones. In: POISINDEX® System [intranet database]. Version 5.1. Greenwood Village, Colo: Thomson Healthcare.
External links
The most up-to-date information about haloperidol and other drugs can be found at the following sites.
- haloperidol - FDA approved drug information (drug label) from DailyMed (U.S. National Library of Medicine).
- haloperidol - Drug information for consumers from MedlinePlus (U.S. National Library of Medicine).
- haloperidol - Detailed information from DrugBank.