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{{Dambigbox|the Germanic and Greek name ''Arne''|Arne|Arne}}
'''[[Arne]]''' is a male [[Given name|forename]] of [[Germanic languages|Germanic]] origin, closely related to the name [[Arnold (name)|''Arnold'']]. Furthermore, ''Arne'' is in use as a [[Surname|surname]], especially in [[English language|English]]-speaking countries. ''Arne'' can also be a female forename. In this case the name is of archaic [[Ancient Greek|Greek]] origin (''Ἄρνη'').
'''[[Arne]]''' is a male [[Given name|forename]] of [[Germanic languages|Germanic]] origin, closely related to the name [[Arnold (name)|''Arnold'']]. Furthermore, ''Arne'' is in use as a [[Surname|surname]], especially in [[English language|English]]-speaking countries. ''Arne'' can also be a female forename. In this case the name is of archaic [[Ancient Greek|Greek]] origin (''Ἄρνη'').


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The first syllable of the name ''Arne'' (ger.: [ˈaʁnə], dan.: [ˈɑʶnə], engl. often: [æʁn]) probably stems from the Germanic ''*arn'' ([[Eagle (biology)|"eagle"]]), which is the hypothetical preform of the [[Old High German]] ''aar'' and ''aro'' as well as of the [[Old Norse language|Old Norse]] ''örn'' or ''ørn'', which all have the same meaning. It has been proposed that ''*or-'' and ''*er-'' respectively ("large bird", "eagle") are its [[Proto-Indo-European language|Proto-Indo-European]] root.
The first syllable of the name ''Arne'' (ger.: [ˈaʁnə], dan.: [ˈɑʶnə], engl. often: [æʁn]) probably stems from the Germanic ''*arn'' ([[Eagle (biology)|"eagle"]]), which is the hypothetical preform of the [[Old High German]] ''aar'' and ''aro'' as well as of the [[Old Norse language|Old Norse]] ''örn'' or ''ørn'', which all have the same meaning. It has been proposed that ''*or-'' and ''*er-'' respectively ("large bird", "eagle") are its [[Proto-Indo-European language|Proto-Indo-European]] root.


The most probable theory on the origin of the name ''Arne'' describes it as the final stage of a [[Synaeresis|contracting]] development, parallel to [[Arnold (name)|''Arnold'']], both of which go back to the Old High German name '''Arenwald''' (''aro'' or ''aar'' and ''wald''; "Has the strength of an eagle").<ref>The emergence of the low end-[[Vowel|vowel]] is an equivalent to the [[Old English]] translations of the Germanic ''waltan'' ("to govern", "to possess", "to have control over sth./s.o.") as the [[Mercia|Mercian]] ''weldan'' and the [[Early West Saxon]] ''wieldan'' or ''wealdan'' in [[Essex]], as well as to its [[Lithuanian language|Lithuanian]] translation ''veldu''.</ref> The Proto-Indo-European root of the second syllable is said to be ''*wal-d(h)-'' from the base ''*wal-'' ("to be strong", "to rule").<ref>Possible genesis including hypothetical intermediate forms: ''*orwal(dh)'' > ''*arnwald(h)'' > ''*aarenwald'' > Arenwald > ''*Arnweld'' > ''*Arnwel'' > Arnel > Arne. The [[Spanish language|Spanish]] form ''Arnuel'' and the stress of the last syllable in [[Celts|Celtic]]-influenced southern [[France]] (''Arné'') might support the intermediate ''*Arnwel'' and the origin from ''Arenwald''.</ref>
The most probable theory on the origin of the name ''Arne'' describes it as the final stage of a [[Synaeresis|contracting]] development, parallel to [[Arnold (name)|''Arnold'']], both of which go back to the Old High German name '''Arenwald''' (''aro'' or ''aar'' and ''wald''; "Has the strength of an eagle").<ref>The emergence of the low end-[[Vowel|vowel]] is an equivalent to the [[Old English]] translations of the Germanic ''waltan'' ("to govern", "to possess", "to have control over sth./s.o.") as the [[Mercia|Mercian]] ''weldan'' and the [[Early West Saxon]] ''wieldan'' or ''wealdan'' in [[Essex]], as well as to its [[Lithuanian language|Lithuanian]] translation ''veldu''.</ref> The Proto-Indo-European root of the second syllable is said to be ''*wal-d(h)-'' from the base ''*wal-'' ("to be strong", "to rule").<ref>Possible genesis including hypothetical intermediate forms: ''*orwal(dh)'' > ''*arnwald(h)'' > ''*aarenwald'' > Arenwald > ''*Arnweld'' > ''*Arnwel'' > Arnel > Arne.</ref>


In [[Scandinavia]] ''Arne'' is in widespread use as a forename, where it is often combined with other forenames, e.g. as ''Tor-Arne'', ''Leif-Arne'', ''John-Arne'' or ''Nils-Arne''. In [[Germany]] the form [[Arno (name)|Arno]] is more frequent. The German diminutive forms of ''Arne'' are ''Arnele'' or ''Ernele''. In [[Switzerland]] the diminutive forms ''Ärneli'' and ''Ernle'' or ''Erndle'' are also known.
In [[Scandinavia]] ''Arne'' is in widespread use as a forename, where it is often combined with other forenames, e.g. as ''Tor-Arne'', ''Leif-Arne'', ''John-Arne'' or ''Nils-Arne'', either with or without a [[Hyphen|hyphen]]. In [[Germany]] the form [[Arno (name)|''Arno'']] is more frequent. The German diminutive forms of ''Arne'' are ''Arnele'' or ''Ernele''. In [[Switzerland]] the diminutive forms ''Ärneli'' and ''Ernle'' or ''Erndle'' are also known.


==Origin and meaning of the Greek name==
==Origin and meaning of the Greek name==
The word ''Ἄρνη'' (''Arne'') was primarily a toponym used for archaic "cities of origin" in Greece, especially [[Boeotia]], [[Thessaly]], [[Crete]] and the [[Aeolic language|Aeolian]] regions. In addition it was used for [[Thrace|Thracian]] places of origin.<ref>See [[Arne#Geographic_names|Arne]] for details and sources.</ref> Therefore women called Arne were in all probability (ruling?) inhabitants of these cities or descendants of their archaic population. According to legend the archaic Greek cities derived their name from [[Arne (mythology)|Arne]], nymph daughter of king [[Aeolus#Aeolus, son of Hellen|Aeolus]], who is said to have reigned in [[Thessaly|Aeolia]].<ref>For some of the ancient sources see e.g. "Arne", in William Smith (ed.), ''Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology'', 1849, p. 348</ref> Aeolian rule and culture covered Thessaly, Boeotia, parts of the [[Aegean Sea]] including [[Lesbos]] and North-Western Anatolia.  
[[Image:Arne_DaughterOfAeolus_Coin1.jpg|200px|thumb|left|'''Arne playing with ''[[astragaloi]]'''''<br><small>© CNG (Used by [[Image_talk:Arne_DaughterOfAeolus_Coin1.jpg/Permission|permission]])</small>]]The word ''Ἄρνη'' (''Arne'') was primarily a toponym used for archaic "cities of origin" in Greece,<ref>Including [[Crete]] and the [[Aeolic language|Aeolian]] regions; W. Brandenstein, in: H. Arntz (ed.), ''Germanen und Indogermanen. Volkstum, Sprache, Heimat, Kultur. Festschrift für Hermann Hirt.'' (Heidelberg); Robert Forrer, ''Reallexikon der prähistorischen, klassischen und frühchristlichen Altertümer'', 26, 1937, pp. 178 sqq.; Heinz Kronasser, ''Indogermanica. Festschrift für Wolfgang Krause'', 1960, pp. 55 sq.; [[Pauly-Wissowa|''RE'']] XXII, 1513, pp 58 sqq.</ref> especially [[Boeotia]]<ref>''Arne'' was the name of an ancient city in [[Boeotia]] (cf. [[Homer]], ''[[Iliad]]'' 2.507 & 7.9), either [[Chaeronea]], [[Akraiphion]] or an unknown city that perished in the [[Lake Kopais|Lake Kopaïs]] (cf. Walther Sontheimer & Konrat Ziegler, ''Der Kleine Pauly'', Vol. 1, p. 602; partial evidence in: ''RE'' II 1202, pp. 36 sqq.; cf. [[Strabo|Strabon]], ''Geography'' [http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Strabo/1C*.html#18 I 3.18] incl. a quote from [[Homer]]'s ''Catalogue of Ships''). ''Arne'' was also the alternative old name of the large [[Mycenaean_Greece|Mycenaean]] castle [[Gla]] (''pro'': Wilamowitz (1891), Pindar (1922), Noack (1894), Noack (1903); see also: J.G. Frazer, ''Pausanias'' 5, 1898, p. 128; D. Fimmen, ''Kretisch-Mykenische Kultur'', 1924, 6.V; Burr, "Nεῶν χατάλογος", in: ''Klio'' (Beiheft) 49, 1944, pp. 26 sq.; H.P. Drögemüller in: ''Gymnasium'' 68, 1961, pp. 199 sqq. ''et al.''; ''contra'': De Ridder 1894/1897)</ref> and [[Thessaly]],<ref>''Arne'' was the alleged archaic name of the Thessaliotis territory or of its [[Capital|capital]] [[Kierion]] (cf. ''RE'' II 1202, pp. 29 sqq.).</ref> In addition it was used for [[Thrace|Thracian]] places of origin.<ref>Steph. Byz. s.v., ''Ἄρνη'' (p. 124 1–2 Meinecke), in G.L. Huxley, "Arne Sithonis", ''Classical Quarterly'' 32 (i), 1982, p. 160</ref> Therefore women called Arne were in all probability (ruling?) inhabitants of these cities or descendants of their archaic population. According to legend the archaic Greek cities derived their name from [[Arne (mythology)|Arne]], nymph daughter of king [[Aeolus#Aeolus, son of Hellen|Aeolus]], who is said to have reigned in [[Thessaly|Aeolia]].<ref>For some of the ancient sources see e.g. "Arne", in William Smith (ed.), ''Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology'', 1849, p. 348</ref> Aeolian rule and culture covered Thessaly, Boeotia, parts of the [[Aegean Sea]] including [[Lesbos]] and North-Western Anatolia.  


The etymology and true origin of the word ''arne'' is unclear, but like many Greek words a prior transmission from Western [[Anatolia]] and the [[Ionian language|Ionian]] or [[Lydian language]] could theoretically be assumed.<ref>Cp. e.g. the Greek [[Tyrant|''τύραννος'']] (''túrannos'', "absolute sovereign", "tyrant"), originally stemming from ''turannu'' (probably Lydian).</ref> Different from the Greek verb ''ἀρνέομαι'' (''arnéomai''; "to refuse", "to deny"), the first syllable of which probably stems from the Proto-Indo-European etyma ''*ar-'' ("to deny", "to refuse", "to renounce"), a decision on a similarly distinct origin for ''ἄρνη'' (''arne'') would only be conjecture. It should however be noted that one possible root ''*an-'' basically has the same meaning ("[male or female] ancestor"), though a more probable origin would be the parallel root ''*urh<sub>1</sub>-en-'' with ''ἄρνε'' (''arne'', [[Dual (grammatical number)|dual]] form of ''ἀρνός'', ''arnós'', related to the earlier ''ἀρήν'', ''arén'', all meaning "lamb", "sheep"), which would connect the "name of origin" to the beginnings of civilization and [[shepherding]] 4000 BC in [[Asia Minor]]. Independent of the historical, etymological or geographical origin the name ''Arne'' is closely connected to the legendary foundation of the Greek-Hellenic (and Boiotian) nation.
The etymology and true origin of the word ''arne'' is unclear, but like many Greek words a prior transmission from Western [[Anatolia]] and the [[Ionian language|Ionian]] or [[Lydian language]] could theoretically be assumed.<ref>Cp. e.g. the Greek [[Tyrant|''τύραννος'']] (''túrannos'', "absolute sovereign", "tyrant"), originally stemming from ''turannu'' (probably Lydian).</ref> Different from the Greek verb ''ἀρνέομαι'' (''arnéomai''; "to refuse", "to deny"), the first syllable of which probably stems from the Proto-Indo-European etymon ''*ar-'' ("to deny", "to refuse", "to renounce"), a decision on a similarly distinct origin for ''ἄρνη'' (''arne'') would only be conjecture. It should be noted that the Proto-Indo-European root ''*an-'' has a compatible meaning ("[male or female] ancestor"), though a more probable origin would be the parallel root ''*urh<sub>1</sub>-en-'' with ''ἄρνε'' (''arne'', [[Dual (grammatical number)|dual]] form of ''ἀρνός'', ''arnós'', related to the earlier ''ἀρήν'', ''arén'', all meaning "lamb", "sheep"), which would connect the "name of origin" to the beginnings of civilization and [[shepherding]] 4000 BC in [[Asia Minor]].<ref>The fact that the Thessalian coin from [[Kierion]] (alternative name: ''Arne'') shows Aeolus' daughter Arne playing with dice made of sheep bones, could be further evidence for this connection. In addition, [[Poseidon (god)|Poseidon]], who would together with Arne later procreate the second king [[Aeolus#Aeolus (son of Poseidon)|Aeolus]], was hidden by his mother [[Rhea (mythology)|Rhea]] amidst a herd of sheep near a well called ''aren'' ("sheep", "lamb"; [[Pausanias (geographer)|Pausanias]], ''Guide to Greece'' [http://www.theoi.com/Text/Pausanias8A.html VIII 8.81–8.8.2]).</ref> Independent of the historical, etymological or geographical origin the name ''Arne'' is closely connected to the legendary foundation of the Greek-Hellenic (and Boiotian) nation.


==Name day (Germanic origin)==
==Name day (Germanic origin)==
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**[[August 14]] (with [[Flanders|Flemish]] cloistral founder [[Arnould of Soissons]])<br>
**[[August 14]] (with [[Flanders|Flemish]] cloistral founder [[Arnould of Soissons]])<br>
**[[September 19]] (with bishop [[Arnoux of Gap]])<br>
**[[September 19]] (with bishop [[Arnoux of Gap]])<br>
*In Scandinavia the name day is often celebrated on [[August 4]].


==Notable persons==
==Notable persons==
Line 31: Line 31:


===Men ===
===Men ===
*[[Arne Beurling|Arne Carl-August Beurling]], Swedish mathematician
* [[Arne Beurling|Arne Carl-August Beurling]], Swedish mathematician
*[[Arne Helge Carlson]], US-American politician
* [[Arne Borg]], a Swedish swimmer
*[[Arne Eggebrecht]], German egyptologist
* [[Arne Helge Carlson]], US-American politician
*[[Arne Mattson]], Swedish film director
* [[Arne Dahl (politician)|Arne Dahl]] a US-American politician
*[[Arne Næss|Arne Dekke Eide Næss]], Norwegian philosopher
* [[Arne Duncan]], a US-American politician and current [[United States Secretary of Education]]
*[[John Arne Riise]], Norwegian soccer player ([[Liverpool F.C.]])
* [[Arne Eggebrecht]], German egyptologist
*[[Arne Schmidt]], US-American film producer (''[[Big Fish]]'')
* [[Arne Friedrich]], a German soccer player
*[[Arne Tiselius|Arne Wilhelm Kaurin Tiselius]], Swedish biochemist (Nobel Prize 1948)
* [[Arne Jacobsen]], was a Danish architect and designer, exemplar of the "Danish Modern" style.
* [[Arne Larsen Økland]], a former Norwegian soccer player
* [[Arne Mattson]], Swedish film director
* [[Arne Næss|Arne Dekke Eide Næss]], Norwegian philosopherer
* [[Arne Nordheim]], a Norwegian composer
* [[Arne L. Schmidt]], US-American film producer (''[[Big Fish]]'')
* [[Arne Tiselius|Arne Wilhelm Kaurin Tiselius]], Swedish biochemist and [[Nobel Prize]] laureate of 1948
* [[John Arne Riise]], Norwegian soccer player ([[A. S. Roma]])


===''Arne'' as surname===
===''Arne'' as surname===
*[[Thomas Augustine Arne]], British [[Composer|composer]] of the 18th century
*[[Thomas Augustine Arne]] (1710-1778), English [[Composer|composer]]
*[[Michael Arne]] (1740-1786), English composer, son of Thomas


===Fictional characters===
===Fictional characters===
*[[Arne Anka]] (comic character)
*[[Arne Anka]], Swedish comic character
*Arne Saknussemm, the [[Iceland|Icelandic]] [[Alchemy|alchemist]] in [[Jules Verne]]'s novel ''[[Journey to the Center of the Earth]]''
*Arne Hellmer, title character in [[Siegfried Lenz]]’ novel ''Arnes Nachlaß''
*[[Arne Magnusson]], scientist from the game ''[[Half-Life 2: Episode Two]]''
*Arne Saknussemm, [[Iceland|Icelandic]] [[Alchemy|alchemist]] in [[Jules Verne]]'s novel ''[[Journey to the Center of the Earth]]''


==Variants of the Germanic name==
==Variants of the Germanic name==
===Forenames===
===Forenames===
Aarne, Aerni (<small>also:</small> ''Ärni'', <small>Swiss, ''originally an affectionate form''</small>), Anno, Arend <small>(Frisian)</small>, Arild <small>(dan.)</small>, Arin, Arn, Arnald, Arnaldo <small>(ital.)</small>, Arnau <small>(kat.)</small>, Arnaud <small>(fr.)</small>, Arnaude <small>(fr.)</small>, Arnault <small>(fr.)</small>, Arnd, Arndt, Arné <small>(fr.)</small>, Arnel, Arnell, Arness, Arni <small>(Faroese)</small>, Árni <small>(icel., far.)</small>, Arni <small>(sw.)</small>, Arnie (<small>engl. short form of</small> ''Arnold''), [[Arno (name)|Arno]], Arnoald, Arnoaldus <small>(lat.)</small>, [[Arnold (name)|Arnold]], Arnolt, Arnould <small>(fr.)</small>, Arnoux <small>(fr.)</small>, Arnuel <small>(sp., port.)</small>, Ernemann <small>(sw., ''affect.'')</small>, Erni <small>(sw., ''affect.'')</small>, Ernie <small>(engl.)</small>, Oke <small>(East-Frisian)</small>, Onno <small>(e.fris.)</small>, Ontje <small>(e.fris.)</small>
[[Aarne]] <small>(fin.)</small>, Aerni (<small>also:</small> ''Ärni'', <small>Swiss, ''originally an affectionate form''</small>), Anno, Arend <small>(Frisian)</small>, Arild <small>(dan.)</small>, Arin, Arn, Arnald, Arnaldo <small>(ital.)</small>, Arnau <small>(kat.)</small>, Arnaud <small>(fr.)</small>, Arnaude <small>(fr.)</small>, Arnault <small>(fr.)</small>, Arnd, Arndt, Arné <small>(fr.)</small>, Arnel, Arnell, Arness, Arni <small>(Faroese)</small>, Árni <small>(icel., far.)</small>, Arni <small>(sw.)</small>, Arnie (<small>engl. short form of</small> ''Arnold''), [[Arno (name)|Arno]], Arnoald, Arnoaldus <small>(lat.)</small>, [[Arnold (name)|Arnold]], Arnolt, Arnould <small>(fr.)</small>, Arnoux <small>(fr.)</small>, Arnuel <small>(sp., port.)</small>, Ernemann <small>(sw., ''affect.'')</small>, Erni <small>(sw., ''affect.'')</small>, Ernie <small>(engl.)</small>, Oke <small>(East-Frisian)</small>, Onno <small>(e.fris.)</small>, Ontje <small>(e.fris.)</small>


===Surnames===
===Surnames===
Aerni, Erni, Erny
Aerni, Arni, Erni, Erny


===False variants===
===False variants===
*The forename ''Bjarne'' is not a contraction of ''Björn-Arne'', but a parallel short form of ''[[Björn]]'', stemming from ''Björngeir'' or ''Björnulv''.
*The forename ''Bjarne'' is not a contraction of ''Björn-Arne'', but a parallel short form of ''[[Björn]]'', stemming from ''Björngeir'' or ''Björnulv''.


==References==
==Notes==
{{reflist|2}}
{{Reflist}}[[Category:Suggestion Bot Tag]]
 
[[Category:CZ Live]]
[[Category:Classics Workgroup]]
[[Category:Linguistics Workgroup]]
Arne

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This editable, developed Main Article is subject to a disclaimer.
This article is about the Germanic and Greek name Arne. For other uses of the term Arne, please see Arne.

Arne is a male forename of Germanic origin, closely related to the name Arnold. Furthermore, Arne is in use as a surname, especially in English-speaking countries. Arne can also be a female forename. In this case the name is of archaic Greek origin (Ἄρνη).

Etymology and meaning of the Germanic name

The first syllable of the name Arne (ger.: [ˈaʁnə], dan.: [ˈɑʶnə], engl. often: [æʁn]) probably stems from the Germanic *arn ("eagle"), which is the hypothetical preform of the Old High German aar and aro as well as of the Old Norse örn or ørn, which all have the same meaning. It has been proposed that *or- and *er- respectively ("large bird", "eagle") are its Proto-Indo-European root.

The most probable theory on the origin of the name Arne describes it as the final stage of a contracting development, parallel to Arnold, both of which go back to the Old High German name Arenwald (aro or aar and wald; "Has the strength of an eagle").[1] The Proto-Indo-European root of the second syllable is said to be *wal-d(h)- from the base *wal- ("to be strong", "to rule").[2]

In Scandinavia Arne is in widespread use as a forename, where it is often combined with other forenames, e.g. as Tor-Arne, Leif-Arne, John-Arne or Nils-Arne, either with or without a hyphen. In Germany the form Arno is more frequent. The German diminutive forms of Arne are Arnele or Ernele. In Switzerland the diminutive forms Ärneli and Ernle or Erndle are also known.

Origin and meaning of the Greek name

Arne playing with astragaloi
© CNG (Used by permission)

The word Ἄρνη (Arne) was primarily a toponym used for archaic "cities of origin" in Greece,[3] especially Boeotia[4] and Thessaly,[5] In addition it was used for Thracian places of origin.[6] Therefore women called Arne were in all probability (ruling?) inhabitants of these cities or descendants of their archaic population. According to legend the archaic Greek cities derived their name from Arne, nymph daughter of king Aeolus, who is said to have reigned in Aeolia.[7] Aeolian rule and culture covered Thessaly, Boeotia, parts of the Aegean Sea including Lesbos and North-Western Anatolia.

The etymology and true origin of the word arne is unclear, but like many Greek words a prior transmission from Western Anatolia and the Ionian or Lydian language could theoretically be assumed.[8] Different from the Greek verb ἀρνέομαι (arnéomai; "to refuse", "to deny"), the first syllable of which probably stems from the Proto-Indo-European etymon *ar- ("to deny", "to refuse", "to renounce"), a decision on a similarly distinct origin for ἄρνη (arne) would only be conjecture. It should be noted that the Proto-Indo-European root *an- has a compatible meaning ("[male or female] ancestor"), though a more probable origin would be the parallel root *urh1-en- with ἄρνε (arne, dual form of ἀρνός, arnós, related to the earlier ἀρήν, arén, all meaning "lamb", "sheep"), which would connect the "name of origin" to the beginnings of civilization and shepherding 4000 BC in Asia Minor.[9] Independent of the historical, etymological or geographical origin the name Arne is closely connected to the legendary foundation of the Greek-Hellenic (and Boiotian) nation.

Name day (Germanic origin)

Notable persons

Women

Men

Arne as surname

Fictional characters

Variants of the Germanic name

Forenames

Aarne (fin.), Aerni (also: Ärni, Swiss, originally an affectionate form), Anno, Arend (Frisian), Arild (dan.), Arin, Arn, Arnald, Arnaldo (ital.), Arnau (kat.), Arnaud (fr.), Arnaude (fr.), Arnault (fr.), Arnd, Arndt, Arné (fr.), Arnel, Arnell, Arness, Arni (Faroese), Árni (icel., far.), Arni (sw.), Arnie (engl. short form of Arnold), Arno, Arnoald, Arnoaldus (lat.), Arnold, Arnolt, Arnould (fr.), Arnoux (fr.), Arnuel (sp., port.), Ernemann (sw., affect.), Erni (sw., affect.), Ernie (engl.), Oke (East-Frisian), Onno (e.fris.), Ontje (e.fris.)

Surnames

Aerni, Arni, Erni, Erny

False variants

  • The forename Bjarne is not a contraction of Björn-Arne, but a parallel short form of Björn, stemming from Björngeir or Björnulv.

Notes

  1. ↑ The emergence of the low end-vowel is an equivalent to the Old English translations of the Germanic waltan ("to govern", "to possess", "to have control over sth./s.o.") as the Mercian weldan and the Early West Saxon wieldan or wealdan in Essex, as well as to its Lithuanian translation veldu.
  2. ↑ Possible genesis including hypothetical intermediate forms: *orwal(dh) > *arnwald(h) > *aarenwald > Arenwald > *Arnweld > *Arnwel > Arnel > Arne.
  3. ↑ Including Crete and the Aeolian regions; W. Brandenstein, in: H. Arntz (ed.), Germanen und Indogermanen. Volkstum, Sprache, Heimat, Kultur. Festschrift für Hermann Hirt. (Heidelberg); Robert Forrer, Reallexikon der prähistorischen, klassischen und frühchristlichen Altertümer, 26, 1937, pp. 178 sqq.; Heinz Kronasser, Indogermanica. Festschrift für Wolfgang Krause, 1960, pp. 55 sq.; RE XXII, 1513, pp 58 sqq.
  4. ↑ Arne was the name of an ancient city in Boeotia (cf. Homer, Iliad 2.507 & 7.9), either Chaeronea, Akraiphion or an unknown city that perished in the Lake Kopaïs (cf. Walther Sontheimer & Konrat Ziegler, Der Kleine Pauly, Vol. 1, p. 602; partial evidence in: RE II 1202, pp. 36 sqq.; cf. Strabon, Geography I 3.18 incl. a quote from Homer's Catalogue of Ships). Arne was also the alternative old name of the large Mycenaean castle Gla (pro: Wilamowitz (1891), Pindar (1922), Noack (1894), Noack (1903); see also: J.G. Frazer, Pausanias 5, 1898, p. 128; D. Fimmen, Kretisch-Mykenische Kultur, 1924, 6.V; Burr, "Nεῶν χατάλογος", in: Klio (Beiheft) 49, 1944, pp. 26 sq.; H.P. Drögemüller in: Gymnasium 68, 1961, pp. 199 sqq. et al.; contra: De Ridder 1894/1897)
  5. ↑ Arne was the alleged archaic name of the Thessaliotis territory or of its capital Kierion (cf. RE II 1202, pp. 29 sqq.).
  6. ↑ Steph. Byz. s.v., Ἄρνη (p. 124 1–2 Meinecke), in G.L. Huxley, "Arne Sithonis", Classical Quarterly 32 (i), 1982, p. 160
  7. ↑ For some of the ancient sources see e.g. "Arne", in William Smith (ed.), Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, 1849, p. 348
  8. ↑ Cp. e.g. the Greek τύραννος (túrannos, "absolute sovereign", "tyrant"), originally stemming from turannu (probably Lydian).
  9. ↑ The fact that the Thessalian coin from Kierion (alternative name: Arne) shows Aeolus' daughter Arne playing with dice made of sheep bones, could be further evidence for this connection. In addition, Poseidon, who would together with Arne later procreate the second king Aeolus, was hidden by his mother Rhea amidst a herd of sheep near a well called aren ("sheep", "lamb"; Pausanias, Guide to Greece VIII 8.81–8.8.2).
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