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| '''Social Class''' is the sociological term for the layering or ''startfiication'' of society from high to low.
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| ==Bibliography==
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| * Louise Archer et al. ''Higher Education and Social Class: Issues of Exclusion and Inclusion'' RoutledgeFalmer. 2003
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| * Daniel Bertaux and Paul Thompson; ''Pathways to Social Class: A Qualitative Approach to Social Mobility'' Clarendon Press, 1997
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| * Thomas N. Bisson; ''Cultures of Power: Lordship, Status, and Process in Twelfth-Century Europe'' University of Pennsylvania Press, 1995
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| * Peter Blau and Otis D. Duncan, ''The American Occupational Structure'' (1967) classic study of structure and mobility
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| * Brady, David "Rethinking the Sociological Measurement of Poverty" ''Social Forces'' 81#3 2003, pp. 715-751 Online in Project Muse. Anstract: Reviews shortcomings of the official U.S. measure; examines several theoretical and methodological advances in poverty measurement. Argues that ideal measures of poverty should: (1) measure comparative historical variation effectively; (2) be relative rather than absolute; (3) conceptualize poverty as social exclusion; (4) assess the impact of taxes, transfers, and state benefits; and (5) integrate the depth of poverty and the inequality among the poor. Next, this article evaluates sociological studies published since 1990 for their consideration of these criteria. This article advocates for three alternative poverty indices: the interval measure, the ordinal measure, and the sum of ordinals measure. Finally, using the Luxembourg Income Study, it examines the empirical patterns with these three measures, across advanced capitalist democracies from 1967 to 1997. Estimates of these poverty indices are made available.
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| * Leonard Broom and F. Lancaster Jones, ''Opportunity and Attainment in Australia'' (1977)
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| * Lizabeth Cohen. ''Consumer's Republic'', Knopf, 2003, ISBN 0-375-40750-2 . Historical analysis of the expression through consumer goods of class in the United States.
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| * Gary Day, ''Class'' (Routledge 2001)
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| * Eichar, Douglas M. ''Occupation and Class Consciousness in America'' Greenwood Press, 1989 [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=24419510 online edition]
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| * Rick Fantasia, Rhonda F. Levine, Scott G. McNall, eds. ''Bringing Class Back in Contemporary and Historical Perspectives'' Westview Press. 1991 [http://www.questia.com/library/book/bringing-class-back-in-contemporary-and-historical-perspectives-by-rick-fantasia-rhonda-f-levine-scott-g-mcnall.jsp online edition]
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| * David L. Featherman and Robert M. Hauser, ''Opportunity and Change'' (1978). major sociology study of US; heavily statistical
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| * Paul Fussell ''Class (a painfully accurate guide through the American status system)'', 1983.
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| * John Goldthorpe and Robert Erikson, ''The Constant Flux: A Study of Class Mobility in Industrial Society'' (1992)
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| * David B Grusky. ed. ''Social Stratification: Class, Race, and Gender in Sociological Perspective'' (2001) collection of scholarly articles
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| * Lawrence E. Hazelrigg and Joseph Lopreato; ''Class, Conflict, and Mobility: Theories and Studies of Class Structure'' 1972. [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=57163299 online edition]
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| * Helmut Kaeble, ''Social Mobility in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries: Europe and America in Comparative Perspective'' (1985)
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| * Pat Mahony and Christine Zmroczek; ''Class Matters: 'Working-Class' Women's Perspectives on Social Class'' Taylor & Francis, 1997
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| * John M. Merriman; ''Consciousness and Class Experience in Nineteenth-Century Europe'' Holmes & Meier Publishers, 1979
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| * Susan A. Ostrander; ''Women of the Upper Class'' Temple University Press, 1984 [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=23421823 online edition]
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| * Ramaswami Mahalingam; "Essentialism, Culture, and Power: Representations of Social Class" ''Journal of Social Issues,'' Vol. 59, 2003 pp 733+ on India
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| * Jeff Manza and Clem Brooks; ''Social Cleavages and Political Change: Voter Alignments and U.S. Party Coalitions'' Oxford University Press, 1999 [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=37108838 online edition]
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| * Jeff Manza; "Political Sociological Models of the U.S. New Deal" ''Annual Review of Sociology'', 2000 pp 297+ [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=95174043 online edition]
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| * Jeff Manza, Michael Hout, and Clem Brooks; "Class Voting in Capitalist Democracies since World War II: Dealignment, Realignment, or Trendless Fluctuation?" ''Annual Review of Sociology'', Vol. 21, 1995
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| * Michael Marmot. ''The Status Syndrome: How Social Standing Affects Our Health and Longevity'' 2004
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| * Karl Marx and Frederick Engels, ''The Communist Manifesto'', 1848. (The key statement of class conflict as the driver of historical change.)
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| * Brian P. Owensby; ''Intimate Ironies: Modernity and the Making of Middle-Class Lives in Brazil'' Stanford University, 1999
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| * Jan Pakulski and Malcolm Waters, ''The Death of Class'', Sage. 1996. rejection of the relevance of class for modern societies
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| * Geoff Payne. ''The Social Mobility of Women: Beyond Male Mobility Models'' (1990)
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| *[http://www.mises.org/journals/jls/1_3/1_3_2.pdf [[Ralph Raico]]. ''Classical Liberal Exploitation Theory''] ([[PDF]] file)
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| * Mike Savage. ''Class Analysis and Social Transformation'', London: Open University Press, 2000
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| * G. de Ste Croix, "Class in Marx's Conception of History, Ancient and Modern", in: New Left Review, no. 146, 1984, pp. 94-111 (good study of Marx's concept)
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| *Richard Sennett and Jonathan Cobb, ''The Hidden Injuries of Class'', Vintage, 1972 (classic study of the subjective experience of class)
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| * Lewis H. Siegelbaum and Ronald Grigor Suny, eds. ''Making Workers Soviet: Power, Class, and Identity.''Cornell University Press. 1994. Russia 1870 - 1940
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| * Pitrim Sorokin, ''Social Mobility'' (New York, 1927)
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| * Daniel J. Walkowitz; ''Working with Class: Social Workers and the Politics of Middle-Class Identity'' University of North Carolina Press, 1999
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| * W. Lloyd Warner et al. ''Social Class in America: A Manual of Procedure for the Measurement of Social Status'' 1949. [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=10605346 online edition]
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| * Max Weber, "Class, Status and Party", in Hans Gerth, and C. Wright Mills, ''From Max Weber: Essays in Sociology'', Oxford University Press, 1958. (Weber's key statement of the multiple nature of stratification.)
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| *Mark Weinburg, "The Social Analysis of Three Early 19th century French liberals: Say, Comte, and Dunoyer" in ''Journal of Libertarian Studies'', 2 no. 1 (1978): 45-63. [[http://www.mises.org/journals/jls/2_1/2_1_4.pdf online]
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| * Wouters; Cas. "The Integration of Social Classes." ''Journal of Social History''. 29#1 1995. pp 107+. on social manners
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| * Erik Olin Wright ''The Debate on Classes'' (Verso, 1990), neo-Marxist
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| * Erik Olin Wright ''Class Counts: Comparative Studies in Class Analysis'' (Cambridge University Press, 1997) [http://www.questia.com/library/book/class-counts-student-edition-by-erik-olin-wright.jsp online edition]
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| * Erik Olin Wright ed. ''Approaches to Class Analysis'' (2005)scholarly articles
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| * Christine Zmroczek and Pat Mahony, eds. ''Women and Social Class: International Feminist Perspectives.'' London: UCL Press 1999 [http://www.questia.com/library/book/women-and-social-class-international-feminist-perspectives-by-pat-mahony-christine-zmroczek.jsp online edition]
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| ==See Also== | | '''Social class''' is the sociological term for the layering or ''stratification'' of society from high to low. |
| *[[ethnic group]]
| | ==History== |
| *[[race]]
| | See [[Social History, U.S.]] |
| | ===Class models=== |
| | ===Class conflict: Marxist models=== |
| | ===Class and strata: Weberian models=== |
| | ===Social mobility: in one lifetime=== |
| | ===Social mobility across generations=== |
| | ===Stratification in historical perspective=== |
| | ===Stratification in comparative perspective=== |
| | ===Class and political behavior=== |
| | see [[Party Systems]] |
| | ===Class and lifestyles=== |
| | ====Upper classes==== |
| | ===Poverty=== |
| | Brady (2003) reviews the shortcomings of the official U.S. measure of poverty. Iy was invented in the 1960s and based on the cost of food, which accounted for a third of the budget of poor people at that time, but much less today. Brady examines several theoretical and methodological advances in poverty measurement. He argues that ideal measures of poverty should: |
| | # measure comparative historical variation effectively; |
| | # be relative rather than absolute; |
| | # conceptualize poverty as social exclusion; |
| | # assess the impact of taxes, transfers, and state benefits; and |
| | # integrate the depth of poverty and the inequality among the poor. |
| | His article evaluates sociological studies published since 1990 for their consideration of these criteria. Brady advocates three alternative poverty indices: the interval measure, the ordinal measure, and the sum of ordinals measure. Finally, using the Luxembourg Income Study, he examines the empirical patterns with these three measures, across advanced capitalist democracies from 1967 to 1997. He provides estimates of these poverty indices. |
| | |
| | [[Rural poverty]] |
| | |
| | ==References== |
| | <references/>[[Category:Suggestion Bot Tag]] |
