Governor General of Canada: Difference between revisions

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[[Canada]] is a [[Constitutional monarchy]], and the '''Governor General of Canada''' is delegated to act as the de facto [[Head of State]], on behalf of the actual head of State, the current monarch.
[[Canada]] is a [[Constitutional monarchy]], and the '''Governor General of Canada''' is delegated to act as the de facto [[Head of State]], on behalf of the actual head of State, the current monarch.


The current monarch appoints the Governor General, but, in practice, monarchs always defer to the advice of the [[Prime Minister]].
The current monarch appoints the Governor General, but, in practice, monarchs always defer to the advice of the [[Prime Minister]].


Unlike the [[United States of America]], Canada's evolution to full sovereignty has been gradual.  Originally the recommendation as to who should be the next Governor General was made in the [[United Kingdom]], by the [[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom]].  More recently the recommendation has been made by the [[Prime Minister of Canada]].
Unlike the [[United States of America]], Canada's evolution to full sovereignty has been gradual.  Originally the recommendation as to who should be the next Governor General was made in the [[United Kingdom]], by the [[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom]].  16 of the first 17 Governors General were members of the [[UK House of Lords]], while the other was a Prince. 
 
More recently the recommendation has been made by the [[Prime Minister of Canada]], and the Governors General recommended by them, starting with [[Vincent Massey]],  have all been prominent Canadians.


==Governors general of Canada, 1867–present==
==Governors general of Canada, 1867–present==
{{main|Governor General of Canada}}


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; border:1px #aaf solid;"
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center; border:1px #aaf solid;"
|+ Governors general of Canada, 1867–present
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" |No.
! No.
! rowspan="2" width="65" | Portrait
! Portrait
! rowspan="2" width="250" | Name<br/>{{small|(Birth–Death)}}
! Name
! rowspan="2" |Profession
! colspan="3" | Term of office
! colspan="3" | Term of office
! rowspan="2" width="100" |[[List of British monarchs|Monarch]]<br />{{small|Reign}}
! rowspan="2" width="100" |[[List of prime ministers of Canada|Prime Minister]]<br />{{small|Term of office}}
! rowspan="2" |Ref.
|-
|-
! width="85" | {{small|Took office}}
!
! width="85" | {{small|Left office}}
!
! width="85" | {{small|Duration}}
!
! width="85" | Took office
! width="85" | Left office
|-
|-
|1
|1
|[[File:GG-Charles Monck.jpg|120x120px]]
|[[File:GG-Charles Monck.jpg|120x120px]]
|[[Charles Monck, 4th Viscount Monck|The Viscount Monck]]<br/>{{small|(1819–1894)}}
|[[Charles Monck, 4th Viscount Monck|The Viscount Monck]]
|Politician
|1867-07-01
|{{Small|1 July}}<br/>1867
|1868-11-14
|{{Small|14 November}}<br/>1868
|{{ayd|1867|07|01|1868|11|14}}
| rowspan="15" |[[Queen Victoria|Victoria]]<br/>{{small|(1837–1901)}}
| rowspan="3" |Sir [[John A. Macdonald]]<br/>{{small|(1867–1873)}}
|<ref>{{cite web |title=The Viscount Monck |url=https://www.gg.ca/en/governor-general/former-governors-general/viscount-monck |website=The Governor General of Canada |publisher=Office of the Secretary to the Governor General}}</ref>
|-
|-
|2
|2
|[[File:GG-John Young.jpg|120x120px]]
|[[File:GG-John Young.jpg|120x120px]]
|[[John Young, 1st Baron Lisgar|The Lord Lisgar]]<br/>{{small|(1807–1876)}}
|[[John Young, 1st Baron Lisgar|The Lord Lisgar]]
|Politician
|1868-11-14
|{{Small|14 November}}<br/>1868
|1872-06-25
|{{Small|25 June}}<br/>1872
|{{ayd|1869|02|02|1872|06|25}}
|<ref>{{cite web |title=Sir John Young, Baron Lisgar |url=https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/sir-john-young-baron-lisgar |access-date=September 16, 2020 |website=The Canadian Encyclopedia |publisher=Historica Canada}}</ref>
|- style="height:40px;"
| rowspan="3" |3
| rowspan="3" |[[File:GG-Frederick Hamilton-Temple-Blackwood.jpg|120x120px]]
| rowspan="3" |[[Frederick Hamilton-Temple-Blackwood, 1st Marquess of Dufferin and Ava|The Earl of Dufferin]]<br/>{{small|(1826–1902)}}
| rowspan="3" |Diplomat
| rowspan="3" |{{Small|25 June}}<br/>1872
| rowspan="3" |{{Small|25 November}}<br/>1878
| rowspan="3" |{{ayd|1872|06|25|1878|11|25}}
| rowspan="3" |<ref>{{cite web |last1=Harris |first1=Carolyn |title=Lord Dufferin |url=https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/frederick-temple-blackwood-1st-marquess-of-dufferin-and-ava |access-date=September 16, 2020 |website=The Canadian Encyclopedia |publisher=Historica Canada}}</ref>
|-
|-
|[[Alexander Mackenzie (politician)|Alexander Mackenzie]]<br/>{{small|(1873–1878)}}
|3
|- style="height:40px;"
|[[File:GG-Frederick Hamilton-Temple-Blackwood.jpg|120x120px]]
| rowspan="4" |Sir John A. Macdonald<br/>{{small|(1878–1891)}}
|[[Frederick Hamilton-Temple-Blackwood, 1st Marquess of Dufferin and Ava|The Earl of Dufferin]]
| 1872-06-25
| 1878-11-25
|-
|-
|4
|4
|[[File:GG-John Campbell.jpg|120x120px]]
|[[File:GG-John Campbell.jpg|120x120px]]
|[[John Campbell, 9th Duke of Argyll|John Campbell, Marquess of Lorne]]<br/>{{small|(1845–1914)}}
|[[John Campbell, 9th Duke of Argyll|John Campbell, Marquess of Lorne]]
|Author,<br />Politician
|1878-11-25
|{{Small|25 November}}<br />1878
|1883-10-23
|{{Small|23 October}}<br />1883
|{{ayd|1878|11|25|1883|10|23}}
|<ref>{{cite web |last1=Harris |first1=Carolyn |title=John Douglas Sutherland Campbell, Marquess of Lorne |url=https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/john-douglas-sutherland-campbell-marquess-of-lorne |access-date=September 16, 2020 |website=The Canadian Encyclopedia |publisher=Historica Canada}}</ref>
|-
|-
|5
|5
|[[File:GG-Henry Petty-FitzMaurice.jpg|120x120px]]
|[[File:GG-Henry Petty-FitzMaurice.jpg|120x120px]]
|[[Henry Petty-Fitzmaurice, 5th Marquess of Lansdowne|The Marquess of Lansdowne]]<br/>{{small|(1845–1927)}}
|[[Henry Petty-Fitzmaurice, 5th Marquess of Lansdowne|The Marquess of Lansdowne]]
|Politician
|1883-10-23
|{{Small|23 October}}<br/>1883
|1888-06-11
|{{Small|11 June}}<br/>1888
|{{ayd|1883|10|23|1888|06|11}}
|<ref>{{cite web |last1=Harris |first1=Carolyn |title=The Marquess of Landsdowne, Governor General of Canada |url=https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/henry-charles-keith-petty-fitzmaurice-5th-marquess-of-lansdowne |access-date=September 16, 2020 |website=The Canadian Encyclopedia |publisher=Historica Canada}}</ref>
|- style="height:40px;"
| rowspan="3" |6
| rowspan="3" |[[File:GG-Frederick Stanley.jpg|120x120px]]
| rowspan="3" |[[Frederick Stanley, 16th Earl of Derby|The Lord Stanley of Preston]]<br/>{{small|(1841–1908)}}
| rowspan="3" |Politician
| rowspan="3" |{{Small|11 June}}<br />1888
| rowspan="3" |{{Small|18 September}}<br />1893
| rowspan="3" |{{ayd|1888|06|11|1893|09|18}}
| rowspan="3" |<ref>{{cite web |last1=Harris |first1=Carolyn |title=Lord Stanley |url=https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/frederick-arthur-stanley-baron-stanley-of-preston-16th-earl-of-derby |access-date=September 16, 2020 |website=The Canadian Encyclopedia |publisher=Historica Canada}}</ref>
|-
|[[John Abbott|Sir John Abbott]]<br/>{{small|(1891–1892)}}
|- style="height:40px;"
| rowspan="2" |[[John Sparrow David Thompson|Sir John Sparrow David Thompson]]<br/>{{small|(1892–1894)}}
|-
| rowspan="4" |7
| rowspan="4" |[[File:John Hamilton Gordon Earl of Aberdeen 1884.jpg|120x120px]]
| rowspan="4" |[[John Hamilton-Gordon, 1st Marquess of Aberdeen and Temair|The Earl of Aberdeen]]<br/>{{small|(1847–1934)}}
| rowspan="4" |Politician
| rowspan="4" |{{Small|18 September}}<br/>1893
| rowspan="4" |{{Small|12 November}}<br/>1898
| rowspan="4" |{{ayd|1893|09|18|1898|11|12}}
| rowspan="4" |<ref>{{cite web |last1=Harris |first1=Carolyn |title=John Campbell Hamilton-Gordon, Earl of Aberdeen |url=https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/john-campbell-gordon-1st-marquess-of-aberdeen |access-date=September 16, 2020 |website=The Canadian Encyclopedia |publisher=Historica Canada}}</ref>
|-
|-
|[[Mackenzie Bowell|Sir Mackenzie Bowell]]<br/>{{small|(1894–1896)}}
| 6
| [[File:GG-Frederick Stanley.jpg|120x120px]]
| [[Frederick Stanley, 16th Earl of Derby|The Lord Stanley of Preston]]
| 1888-06-11
| 1893-09-18
|-
|-
|[[Charles Tupper|Sir Charles Tupper]]<br/>{{small|(1896)}}
| 7
|- style="height:40px;"
| [[File:John Hamilton Gordon Earl of Aberdeen 1884.jpg|120x120px]]
| rowspan="5" |Sir [[Wilfrid Laurier]]<br/>{{small|(1896–1911)}}
| [[John Hamilton-Gordon, 1st Marquess of Aberdeen and Temair|The Earl of Aberdeen]]
|- style="height:60px;"
| 1893-09-18
| rowspan="2" |8
| 1898-11-02
| rowspan="2" |[[File:GG-Gilbert Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound.jpg|120x120px]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Gilbert Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound, 4th Earl of Minto|The Earl of Minto]]<br/>{{small|(1845–1914)}}
| rowspan="2" |Military officer
| rowspan="2" |{{Small|12 November}}<br />1898
| rowspan="2" |{{Small|10 December}}<br />1904
| rowspan="2" |{{ayd|1898|11|12|1904|12|10}}
| rowspan="2" |<ref>{{cite web |last1=Harris |first1=Carolyn |title=Gibert John Murray Kynynmound Elliot, 4th Earl of Minto |url=https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/gilbert-john-murray-kynynmond-elliot-4th-earl-of-minto |access-date=September 16, 2020 |website=The Canadian Encyclopedia |publisher=Historica Canada}}</ref>
|-
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[Edward VII]]<br/>{{small|(1901–1910)}}
| 8
|- style="height:60px;"
| [[File:GG-Gilbert Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound.jpg|120x120px]]
| rowspan="3" |9
| [[Gilbert Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound, 4th Earl of Minto|The Earl of Minto]]
| rowspan="3" |[[File:GG-Albert Grey.jpg|120x120px]]
| 1898-11-12
| rowspan="3" |[[Albert Grey, 4th Earl Grey|The Earl Grey]]<br/>{{small|(1851–1917)}}
| 1904-12-10
| rowspan="3" |Politician
|-
| rowspan="3" |{{Small|10 December}}<br/>1904
| 9
| rowspan="3" |{{Small|13 October}}<br/>1911
| [[File:GG-Albert Grey.jpg|120x120px]]
| rowspan="3" |{{ayd|1904|12|10|1911|10|13}}
| [[Albert Grey, 4th Earl Grey|The Earl Grey]]
| rowspan="3" |<ref>{{cite web |title=Albert Grey, 4th Earl Grey |url=https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/albert-grey-4th-earl-grey |access-date=September 16, 2020 |website=The Canadian Encyclopedia |publisher=Historica Canada}}</ref>
| 1904-12-10
|- style="height:60px;"
| 1911-10-13
| rowspan="14" |[[George V]]<br/>{{small|(1910–1936)}}
|- style="height:50px;"
| rowspan="3" |Sir [[Robert Borden]]<br/>{{small|(1911–1920)}}
|-
|-
|10
|10
|[[File:GG-Prince Arthur.jpg|120x120px]]
|[[File:GG-Prince Arthur.jpg|120x120px]]
|[[Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught and Strathearn]]<br/>{{small|(1850–1942)}}
|[[Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught and Strathearn]]
|Military officer
|1911-10-13
|{{Small|13 October}}<br/>1911
|1916-11-11
|{{Small|11 November}}<br/>1916
|{{ayd|1911|10|13|1916|11|11}}
|<ref>{{cite web |last1=Harris |first1=Carolyn |title=Prince Arthur, 1st Duke of Connaught and Strathearn |url=https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/prince-arthur-1st-duke-of-connaught-and-strathearn |access-date=September 16, 2020 |website=The Canadian Encyclopedia |publisher=Historica Canada}}</ref>
|- style="height:60px;"
| rowspan="2" |11
| rowspan="2" |[[File:GG-Victor Cavendish.jpg|120x120px]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Victor Cavendish, 9th Duke of Devonshire|The Duke of Devonshire]]<br/>{{small|(1868–1938)}}
| rowspan="2" |Politician
| rowspan="2" |{{Small|11 November}}<br />1916
| rowspan="2" |{{Small|11 August}}<br />1921
| rowspan="2" |{{ayd|1916|11|11|1921|08|11}}
| rowspan="2" |<ref>{{cite web |last1=Harris |first1=Carolyn |title=Victor Cavendish, 9th Duke of Devonshire |url=https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/victor-cavendish-9th-duke-of-devonshire |access-date=September 16, 2020 |website=The Canadian Encyclopedia |publisher=Historica Canada}}</ref>
|-
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[Arthur Meighen]]<br/>{{small|(1920–1921)}}
| 11
|- style="height:50px;"
| [[File:GG-Victor Cavendish.jpg|120x120px]]
| rowspan="4" |12
| [[Victor Cavendish, 9th Duke of Devonshire|The Duke of Devonshire]]
| rowspan="4" |[[File:GG-Julian Byng.jpg|120x120px]]
| 1916-11-11
| rowspan="4" |[[Julian Byng, 1st Viscount Byng of Vimy|The Viscount Byng of Vimy]]<br/>{{small|(1862–1935)}}
| 1921-08-11
| rowspan="4" |Military officer
| rowspan="4" |{{Small|11 August}}<br/>1921
| rowspan="4" |{{Small|2 October}}<br/>1926
| rowspan="4" |{{ayd|1921|08|11|1926|10|02}}
| rowspan="4" |<ref>{{cite web |last1=Harris |first1=Carolyn |title=Viscount Byng of Vimy |url=https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/julian-byng-1st-viscount-byng-of-vimy |access-date=September 16, 2020 |website=The Canadian Encyclopedia |publisher=Historica Canada}}</ref>
|-
|-
|[[William Lyon Mackenzie King]]<br/>{{small|(1921–1926)}}
| 12
| [[File:GG-Julian Byng.jpg|120x120px]]
| [[Julian Byng, 1st Viscount Byng of Vimy|The Viscount Byng of Vimy]]
| 1921-08-11
| 1926-10-02
|-
|-
|Arthur Meighen<br/>{{small|(1926)}}
| 13
|- style="height:50px;"
| [[File:GG-Freeman Freeman-Thomas.jpg|120x120px]]
| rowspan="2" |William Lyon Mackenzie King<br/>{{small|(1926–1930)}}
| [[Freeman Freeman-Thomas, 1st Marquess of Willingdon|The Marquess of Willingdon]]
| 1926-10-02
| 1931-04-04
|-
|-
| rowspan="2" |13
| 14
| rowspan="2" |[[File:GG-Freeman Freeman-Thomas.jpg|120x120px]]
| [[File:GG-Vere Ponsonby.jpg|120x120px]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Freeman Freeman-Thomas, 1st Marquess of Willingdon|The Marquess of Willingdon]]<br/>{{small|(1866–1941)}}
| [[Vere Ponsonby, 9th Earl of Bessborough|The Earl of Bessborough]]
| rowspan="2" |Politician
| 1931-04-04
| rowspan="2" |{{Small|2 October}}<br />1926
| 1935-11-02
| rowspan="2" |{{Small|4 April}}<br />1931
| rowspan="2" |{{ayd|1926|10|02|1931|04|04}}
| rowspan="2" |<ref>{{cite web |title=The Marquess of Willingdon |url=https://archive.gg.ca/gg/fgg/bios/01/willingdon_e.asp |access-date=September 16, 2020 |website=Governor General of Canada |publisher=Office of the Governor General}}</ref>
|- style="height:60px;"
| rowspan="2" |[[R.B. Bennett]]<br/>{{small|(1930–1935)}}
|- style="height:60px;"
| rowspan="2" |14
| rowspan="2" |[[File:GG-Vere Ponsonby.jpg|120x120px]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Vere Ponsonby, 9th Earl of Bessborough|The Earl of Bessborough]]<br/>{{small|(1880–1956)}}
| rowspan="2" |Businessman
| rowspan="2" |{{Small|4 April}}<br/>1931
| rowspan="2" |{{Small|2 November}}<br/>1935
| rowspan="2" |{{ayd|1931|04|04|1935|11|02}}
| rowspan="2" |<ref>{{cite web |last1=Hillmer |first1=Norman |title=Vere Barbazon Ponsonby, 9th Earl of Bessborough |url=https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/vere-brabazon-ponsonby-9th-earl-of-bessborough |access-date=September 16, 2020 |website=The Canadian Encyclopedia |publisher=Historica Canada}}</ref>
|- style="height:60px;"
| rowspan="6" |William Lyon Mackenzie King<br/>{{small|(1935–1948)}}
|- style="height:60px;"
| rowspan="3" |15
| rowspan="3" |[[File:GG-John Buchan.jpg|120x120px]]
| rowspan="3" |[[John Buchan|The Lord Tweedsmuir]]<br/>{{small|(1875–1940)}}
| rowspan="3" |Author, Politician
| rowspan="3" |{{Small|2 November}}<br/>1935
| rowspan="3" |{{Small|11 February}}<br/>1940
| rowspan="3" |{{ayd|1935|11|02|1940|2|11}}
| rowspan="3" |<ref>{{cite web |last1=Hillmer |first1=Norman |title=John Buchan, 1st Baron Tweedsmuir |url=https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/john-buchan-1st-baron-tweedsmuir-1 |access-date=September 16, 2020 |website=The Canadian Encyclopedia |publisher=Historica Canada}}</ref>
|-
|-
|[[Edward VIII]]<br/>{{small|(1936)}}
| 15
|- style="height:60px;"
| [[File:GG-John Buchan.jpg|120x120px]]
| rowspan="4" |[[George VI]]<br/>{{small|(1936–1952)}}
| [[John Buchan|The Lord Tweedsmuir]]
| 1935-11-02
| 1940-02-11
|-
|-
|16
|16
|[[File:GG-Alexander Cambridge.jpg|120x120px]]
|[[File:GG-Alexander Cambridge.jpg|120x120px]]
|[[Alexander Cambridge, 1st Earl of Athlone|The Earl of Athlone]]<br/>{{small|(1874–1957)}}
|[[Alexander Cambridge, 1st Earl of Athlone|The Earl of Athlone]]
|Military officer
|1940-02-11
|{{Small|21 June}}<br/>1940
|1946-04-12
|{{Small|12 April}}<br/>1946
|-
|{{ayd|1940|06|21|1946|04|12}}
| 17
|<ref>{{cite web |last1=Harris |first1=Carolyn |title=Alexander Cambridge, Earl of Athlone |url=https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/alexander-cambridge-earl-of-athlone |website=The Canadian Encyclopedia}}</ref>
| [[File:GG-Harold Alexander.jpg|120x120px]]
|- style="height:60px;"
| [[Harold Alexander, 1st Earl Alexander of Tunis|The Viscount Alexander of Tunis]]
| rowspan="2" |17
| 1946-04-12
| rowspan="2" |[[File:GG-Harold Alexander.jpg|120x120px]]
| 1952-01-18
| rowspan="2" |[[Harold Alexander, 1st Earl Alexander of Tunis|The Viscount Alexander of Tunis]]<br/>{{small|(1891–1969)}}
|-
| rowspan="2" |Military officer
| 18
| rowspan="2" |{{Small|12 April}}<br/>1946
| [[File:Governor General Vincent Massey (cropped).jpg|100px]]
| rowspan="2" |{{Small|28 January}}<br/>1952
| [[Vincent Massey]]
| rowspan="2" |{{ayd|1946|04|12|1952|02|06}}
| 1952-01-18
| rowspan="2" |<ref>{{cite web |last1=Hillmer |first1=Norman |title=Harold Alexander, 1st Earl Alexander of Tunis |url=https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/harold-alexander-1st-earl-alexander-of-tunis |website=The Canadian Encyclopedia |publisher=Historica Canada}}</ref>
| 1959-09-15
|-
| 19
| [[File:GG-Vanier.jpg|120x120px]]
| [[Georges Vanier]]
| 1959-09-15
| 1967-03-05
|-
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[Louis St. Laurent]]<br/>{{small|(1948–1957)}}
| 20
|- style="height:40px;"
| [[File:Governor General Roland Michener at Alma College graduation ceremonies 1972 (crop).jpg|120x120px]]
| rowspan="2" |18
| [[Roland Michener]]
| rowspan="2" |[[File:Governor General Vincent Massey (cropped).jpg|100px]]
| 1967-04-17
| rowspan="2" |[[Vincent Massey]]<br/>{{small|(1887–1967)}}
| 1974-01-14
| rowspan="2" |Diplomat
| rowspan="2" |{{Small|28 February}}<br/>1952
| rowspan="2" |{{Small|15 September}}<br/>1959
| rowspan="2" |{{ayd|1952|02|28|1959|09|15}}
| rowspan="25" |[[Elizabeth II]]<br/>{{small|(1952–2022)}}
| rowspan="2" |<ref>{{cite web |last1=Granatstein |first1=J.L. |title=Vincent Massey |url=https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/massey-charles-vincent |access-date=September 16, 2020 |website=The Canadian Encyclopedia |publisher=Historica Canada}}</ref>
|- style="height:40px;"
| rowspan="2" |[[John Diefenbaker]]<br/>{{small|(1957–1963)}}
|- style="height:60px;"
| rowspan="2" |19
| rowspan="2" |[[File:GG-Vanier.jpg|120x120px]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Georges Vanier]]<br/>{{small|(1888–1967)}}
| rowspan="2" |Military officer,<br/>Diplomat
| rowspan="2" |{{Small|15 September}}<br/>1959
| rowspan="2" |{{Small|5 March}}<br/>1967
| rowspan="2" |{{ayd|1959|09|15|1967|03|05}}
| rowspan="2" |<ref>{{cite web |last1=Monet |first1=Jacques |title=Georges Vanier |url=https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/georges-phileas-vanier |access-date=September 16, 2020 |website=The Canadian Encyclopedia |publisher=Historica Canada}}</ref>
|- style="height:60px;"
| rowspan="2" |[[Lester B. Pearson]]<br/>{{small|(1963–1968)}}
|- style="height:60px;"
| rowspan="2" |20
| rowspan="2" |[[File:Governor General Roland Michener at Alma College graduation ceremonies 1972 (crop).jpg|120x120px]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Roland Michener]]<br/>{{small|(1900–1991)}}
| rowspan="2" |Politician
| rowspan="2" |{{Small|17 April}}<br />1967
| rowspan="2" |{{Small|14 January}}<br />1974
| rowspan="2" |{{ayd|1967|04|17|1974|01|14}}
| rowspan="2" |<ref>{{cite web |last1=Hillmer |first1=Norman |title=Roland Michener |url=https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/daniel-roland-michener |access-date=September 16, 2020 |website=The Canadian Encyclopedia |publisher=Historica Canada}}</ref>
|- style="height:60px;"
| rowspan="3" |[[Pierre Trudeau]]<br/>{{small|(1968–1979)}}
|-
|-
|21
|21
|
|
|[[Jules Léger]]<br/>{{small|(1913–1980)}}
|[[Jules Léger]]
|Diplomat
|1974-01-14
|{{Small|14 January}}<br/>1974
|1979-01-22
|{{Small|22 January}}<br/>1979
|{{ayd|1974|01|14|1979|01|22}}
|<ref>{{cite web |last1=Monet |first1=Jacques |title=Jules Leger |url=https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/jules-leger |access-date=September 16, 2020 |website=The Canadian Encyclopedia |publisher=Historica Canada}}</ref>
|- style="height:60px;"
| rowspan="3" |22
| rowspan="3" |[[File:Ed Schreyer (3).jpg|102x102px]]
| rowspan="3" |[[Edward Schreyer]]<br/>{{small|(born 1935)}}
| rowspan="3" |Politician
| rowspan="3" |{{Small|22 January}}<br/>1979
| rowspan="3" |{{Small|14 May}}<br/>1984
| rowspan="3" |{{ayd|1979|01|22|1984|05|14}}
| rowspan="3" |<ref>{{cite web |last1=Hillmer |first1=Norman |title=Ed Schreyer |url=https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/edward-richard-schreyer |access-date=September 16, 2020 |website=The Canadian Encyclopedia |publisher=Historica Canada}}</ref>
|-
|-
|[[Joe Clark]]<br/>{{small|(1979–1980)}}
| 22
|- style="height:60px;"
| [[File:Ed Schreyer (3).jpg|102x102px]]
| rowspan="2" |Pierre Trudeau<br/>{{small|(1980–1984)}}
| [[Edward Schreyer]]
|- style="height:45px;"
| 1979-01-22
| rowspan="3" |23
| 1984-05-14
| rowspan="3" |[[File:Jeanne Sauvé 1984 Ottawa Canada (crop).jpg|120x120px]]
| rowspan="3" |[[Jeanne Sauvé]]<br/>{{small|(1922–1993)}}
| rowspan="3" |Journalist,<br/>Politician
| rowspan="3" |{{Small|14 May}}<br/>1984
| rowspan="3" |{{Small|29 January}}<br/>1990
| rowspan="3" |{{ayd|1984|05|14|1990|01|29}}
| rowspan="3" |<ref>{{cite web |last1=Tremblay |first1=Jean-Noel |title=Jeanne Sauvé |url=https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/jeanne-mathilde-sauve |access-date=September 16, 2020 |website=The Canadian Encyclopedia |publisher=Historica Canada}}</ref>
|-
|-
|[[John Turner]]<br/>{{small|(1984)}}
| 23
|- style="height:45px;"
| [[File:Jeanne Sauvé 1984 Ottawa Canada (crop).jpg|120x120px]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Brian Mulroney]]<br/>{{small|(1984–1993)}}
| [[Jeanne Sauvé]]
|- style="height:35px;"
| 1984-05-14
| rowspan="3" |24
| 1990-01-29
| rowspan="3" |
| rowspan="3" |[[Ray Hnatyshyn]]<br/>{{small|(1934–2002)}}
| rowspan="3" |Politician
| rowspan="3" |{{Small|29 January}}<br/>1990
| rowspan="3" |{{Small|8 February}}<br/>1995
| rowspan="3" |{{ayd|1990|01|29|1995|02|08}}
| rowspan="3" |<ref>{{cite web |last1=Hillmer |first1=Norman |title=Ray Hnatyshyn |url=https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/ramon-john-hnatyshyn |access-date=September 16, 2020 |website=The Canadian Encyclopedia |publisher=Historica Canada}}</ref>
|-
|-
|[[Kim Campbell]]<br/>{{small|(1993)}}
| 24
|- style="height:35px;"
|
| rowspan="3" |[[Jean Chrétien]]<br/>{{small|(1993–2003)}}
| [[Ray Hnatyshyn]]
| 1990-01-29
| 1995-02-08
|-
|-
|25
|25
|
|
|[[Roméo LeBlanc]]<br/>{{small|(1927–2009)}}
|[[Roméo LeBlanc]]
|Journalist,<br />Politician
|1995-02-08
|{{Small|8 February}}<br/>1995
|1999-10-07
|{{Small|7 October}}<br/>1999
|-
|{{ayd|1995|02|07|1999|10|07}}
| 26
|<ref>{{cite web |title=Roméo LeBlanc |url=https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/romeo-a-leblanc |access-date=September 16, 2020 |website=The Canadian Encyclopedia |publisher=Historica Canada}}</ref>
| [[File:GG-Adrienne Clarkson2.jpg|120x120px]]
|- style="height:60px;"
| [[Adrienne Clarkson]]
| rowspan="2" |26
| 1999-10-07
| rowspan="2" |[[File:GG-Adrienne Clarkson2.jpg|120x120px]]
| 2005-09-27
| rowspan="2" |[[Adrienne Clarkson]]<br/>{{small|(born 1939)}}
|-
| rowspan="2" |Journalist
| 27
| rowspan="2" |{{Small|7 October}}<br/>1999
| [[File:GG-Michaëlle Jean.jpg|120x120px]]
| rowspan="2" |{{Small|27 September}}<br/>2005
| [[Michaëlle Jean]]
| rowspan="2" |{{ayd|1999|10|07|2005|09|27}}
| 2005-09-27
| rowspan="2" |<ref>{{cite web |title=Adrienne Clarkson |url=https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/adrienne-louise-clarkson |access-date=September 16, 2020 |website=The Canadian Encyclopedia |publisher=Historica Canada}}</ref>
| 2010-10-01
|-
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[Paul Martin]]<br/>{{small|(2003–2006)}}
| 28
|- style="height:60px;"
| [[File:David Johnston 2011-12-01.jpg|128x128px]]
| rowspan="2" |27
| [[David Johnston]]
| rowspan="2" |[[File:GG-Michaëlle Jean.jpg|120x120px]]
| 2010-10-01
| rowspan="2" |[[Michaëlle Jean]]<br/>{{small|(born 1957)}}
| 2017-10-02
| rowspan="2" |Journalist
| rowspan="2" |{{Small|27 September}}<br/>2005
| rowspan="2" |{{Small|1 October}}<br/>2010
| rowspan="2" |{{ayd|2005|09|27|2010|10|01}}
| rowspan="2" |<ref>{{cite web |title=Michaëlle Jean |url=https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/michaelle-jean |access-date=September 16, 2020 |website=The Canadian Encyclopedia |publisher=Historica Canada}}</ref>
|- style="height:60px;"
| rowspan="2" |[[Stephen Harper]]<br/>{{small|(2006–2015)}}
|- style="height:60px;"
| rowspan="2" |28
| rowspan="2" |[[File:David Johnston 2011-12-01.jpg|128x128px]]
| rowspan="2" |[[David Johnston]]<br/>{{small|(born 1941)}}
| rowspan="2" |Law professor,<br/>University administrator
| rowspan="2" |{{Small|1 October}}<br/>2010
| rowspan="2" |{{Small|2 October}}<br/>2017
| rowspan="2" |{{ayd|2010|10|01|2017|10|02}}
| rowspan="2" |<ref>{{cite web |last1=Azzi |first1=Stephen |title=David Lloyd Johnston |url=https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/david-lloyd-johnston |access-date=September 16, 2020 |website=The Canadian Encyclopedia |publisher=Historica Canada}}</ref><br/><ref name=ctvnews.ca2>{{cite web |date=21 August 2017 |title=Incoming Governor General Julie Payette drops attempt to seal U.S. court records |url=http://www.ctvnews.ca/politics/incoming-governor-general-julie-payette-drops-attempt-to-seal-u-s-court-records-1.3555331 |website=ctvnews.ca}}</ref>
|- style="height:60px;"
| rowspan="4" |[[Justin Trudeau]]<br/>{{small|(since 2015)}}
|-
|-
|29
|29
|[[File:Julie Payette 2017.jpg|125x125px]]
|[[File:Julie Payette 2017.jpg|125x125px]]
|[[Julie Payette]]<br/>{{small|(born 1963)}}
|[[Julie Payette]]
|Astronaut,<br />Engineer
|2017-10-02
|{{Small|2 October}}<br/>2017
|2021-01-22
|{{Small|22 January}}<br/>2021
|{{ayd|2017|10|02|2021|01|22}}
|<ref>{{cite web |last1=Raymond |first1=Katrine |title=Julie Payette |url=https://thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/julie-payette |access-date=September 16, 2020 |website=The Canadian Encyclopedia |publisher=Historica Canada}}</ref><br /><ref name=ctvnews.ca>{{cite web |date=21 August 2017 |title=Incoming Governor General Julie Payette drops attempt to seal U.S. court records |url=http://www.ctvnews.ca/politics/incoming-governor-general-julie-payette-drops-attempt-to-seal-u-s-court-records-1.3555331 |website=ctvnews.ca}}</ref><br /><ref>{{Cite web |last=General |first=Office of the Secretary to the Governor |date=September 22, 2017 |title=Former Governors General |url=https://www.gg.ca/en/governor-general/former-governors-general |access-date=January 30, 2021 |website=The Governor General of Canada}}</ref>
|- style="height:60px;"
| rowspan="2" |30
| rowspan="2" |[[File:Mary Simon, Governor General of Canada.jpg|141x141px]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Mary Simon]]<br/>{{small|(born 1947)}}
| rowspan="2" |Broadcaster,<br />Diplomat
| rowspan="2" |{{Small|26 July}}<br />2021
| rowspan="2" |Incumbent
| rowspan="2" |{{ayd|2021|07|26|||}}
| rowspan="2" |
|-
|-
|[[Charles III]]<br/>{{small|(since 2022)}}
| 30
| [[File:Mary Simon, Governor General of Canada.jpg|141x141px]]
| [[Mary Simon]]
| 2021-07-26
| Incumbent
|}
|}

Latest revision as of 01:50, 4 January 2024

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https://en.citizendium.org/wiki/index.php?title=Governor_General_of_Canada&printable=yes
This editable Main Article is under development and subject to a disclaimer.

Canada is a Constitutional monarchy, and the Governor General of Canada is delegated to act as the de facto Head of State, on behalf of the actual head of State, the current monarch.

The current monarch appoints the Governor General, but, in practice, monarchs always defer to the advice of the Prime Minister.

Unlike the United States of America, Canada's evolution to full sovereignty has been gradual. Originally the recommendation as to who should be the next Governor General was made in the United Kingdom, by the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom. 16 of the first 17 Governors General were members of the UK House of Lords, while the other was a Prince.

More recently the recommendation has been made by the Prime Minister of Canada, and the Governors General recommended by them, starting with Vincent Massey, have all been prominent Canadians.

Governors general of Canada, 1867–present

Governors general of Canada, 1867–present
No. Portrait Name Term of office
Took office Left office
1 GG-Charles Monck.jpg The Viscount Monck 1867-07-01 1868-11-14
2 GG-John Young.jpg The Lord Lisgar 1868-11-14 1872-06-25
3 GG-Frederick Hamilton-Temple-Blackwood.jpg The Earl of Dufferin 1872-06-25 1878-11-25
4 GG-John Campbell.jpg John Campbell, Marquess of Lorne 1878-11-25 1883-10-23
5 GG-Henry Petty-FitzMaurice.jpg The Marquess of Lansdowne 1883-10-23 1888-06-11
6 GG-Frederick Stanley.jpg The Lord Stanley of Preston 1888-06-11 1893-09-18
7 John Hamilton Gordon Earl of Aberdeen 1884.jpg The Earl of Aberdeen 1893-09-18 1898-11-02
8 GG-Gilbert Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound.jpg The Earl of Minto 1898-11-12 1904-12-10
9 GG-Albert Grey.jpg The Earl Grey 1904-12-10 1911-10-13
10 GG-Prince Arthur.jpg Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught and Strathearn 1911-10-13 1916-11-11
11 GG-Victor Cavendish.jpg The Duke of Devonshire 1916-11-11 1921-08-11
12 GG-Julian Byng.jpg The Viscount Byng of Vimy 1921-08-11 1926-10-02
13 GG-Freeman Freeman-Thomas.jpg The Marquess of Willingdon 1926-10-02 1931-04-04
14 GG-Vere Ponsonby.jpg The Earl of Bessborough 1931-04-04 1935-11-02
15 GG-John Buchan.jpg The Lord Tweedsmuir 1935-11-02 1940-02-11
16 GG-Alexander Cambridge.jpg The Earl of Athlone 1940-02-11 1946-04-12
17 GG-Harold Alexander.jpg The Viscount Alexander of Tunis 1946-04-12 1952-01-18
18 Governor General Vincent Massey (cropped).jpg Vincent Massey 1952-01-18 1959-09-15
19 GG-Vanier.jpg Georges Vanier 1959-09-15 1967-03-05
20 Governor General Roland Michener at Alma College graduation ceremonies 1972 (crop).jpg Roland Michener 1967-04-17 1974-01-14
21 Jules Léger 1974-01-14 1979-01-22
22 Ed Schreyer (3).jpg Edward Schreyer 1979-01-22 1984-05-14
23 Jeanne Sauvé 1984 Ottawa Canada (crop).jpg Jeanne Sauvé 1984-05-14 1990-01-29
24 Ray Hnatyshyn 1990-01-29 1995-02-08
25 Roméo LeBlanc 1995-02-08 1999-10-07
26 GG-Adrienne Clarkson2.jpg Adrienne Clarkson 1999-10-07 2005-09-27
27 GG-Michaëlle Jean.jpg Michaëlle Jean 2005-09-27 2010-10-01
28 David Johnston 2011-12-01.jpg David Johnston 2010-10-01 2017-10-02
29 Julie Payette 2017.jpg Julie Payette 2017-10-02 2021-01-22
30 Mary Simon, Governor General of Canada.jpg Mary Simon 2021-07-26 Incumbent
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