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*c480?: birth of the (future) Buddha; by the 3rd century BC this was believed to have occurred in what is now Rummindei, Nepal | *c480?: birth of the (future) Buddha; by the 3rd century BC this was believed to have occurred in what is now Rummindei, Nepal | ||
*c445?: his awakening and founding of Buddhism | *c445?: his awakening and founding of Buddhism | ||
*c400?: his death; alleged First Council, Rajagaha (Rajgir) to collect his teachings (historicity uncertain) | *c400?: his death; alleged First Council, Rajagaha (Rajgir), to collect his teachings (historicity uncertain) | ||
*late 4th century: Second Council, Vesali (Besarh), to settle dispute over monastic discipline; agreed that monks should not accept money | *late 4th century: Second Council, Vesali (Besarh), to settle dispute over monastic discipline; agreed that monks should not accept money | ||
*mid 3rd century: patronage of Emperor Asoka; Third (Theravada?) Council, Pataliputta (Patna) to deal with wrong views; Asoka's son Mahinda leads mission establishing Buddhism in Ceylon; possibly missionaries also sent to Greek kingdoms as far as Epirus and Cyrene | *mid 3rd century: patronage of Emperor Asoka; earliest classical Indian inscriptions, including mention of Buddhism; probable date of Third (Theravada?) Council, Pataliputta (Patna), to deal with wrong views; Asoka's son Mahinda leads mission establishing Buddhism in Ceylon; possibly missionaries also sent to Greek kingdoms as far as Epirus and Cyrene | ||
*last century: Pali Canon written down from oral tradition at Fourth (Theravada) Council in Ceylon | *2nd century: earliest known surviving Buddhist manuscript, found in Gandhara (N Pakistan, E Afghanistan)<ref>''Annual Report of the International Institute for Advanced Buddhology at Soka University'', XIV (2011), page 19</ref> | ||
*last century: Pali Canon said to have been written down from oral tradition at Fourth (Theravada) Council in Ceylon | |||
==AD== | ==AD== | ||
*65: earliest record of Buddhism in China | |||
*2nd century: first translations of Buddhist texts into Chinese, including some Mahayana ones; about this time Nagarjuna, major figure in formation of Mahayana | |||
*372: first definite record of Buddhism in Korea (mission from China) | |||
*early 5th century?: Indian monk Bodhidharma arrives in China, precursor of Zen | |||
*476-542: Tanluan, founder of Pure Land school | |||
*538: Buddhist mission to Japan (from Korea) | |||
*638-713: Huinang, Patriarch of Zen | |||
*mid 8th century: earliest definite proof of Buddhism in Tibet | |||
*779: Buddhism official religion of Tibet; Padmasambhava (Guru Rinpoche) about this time regarded as founder of what later became known as Nyingma school | |||
*767-822: Saicho, founder of Tendai school in Japan; a week after his death the emperor approves his proposal for a new ordination instead of the traditional monastic one; eventually displaces it | |||
*774-835: Kukai, founder of Shingon school in Japan | |||
*868: oldest known printed book, Chinese translation of Diamond Sutra, a Mahayana scripture | |||
*10th century: first printed Chinese collected edition of Buddhist literature (mostly lost) | |||
*982-1054: Atisa, Indian founder of Kadam school in Tibet | |||
*11th century: Theravada established in Burma | |||
*1012-96: Marpa, precursor of Kagyu school in Tibet | |||
*1079-1153: Gampopa, actual founder of Kagyu as organized school | |||
*1133-1212: Honen, Tendai clergyman, founder of Pure Land (Jodo) school in Japan | |||
*1141-1215: Eisai, Tendai clergyman, founder of Rinzai Zen school in Japan | |||
*1173-1263: Shinran, disciple of Honen, founder of Jodo Shinshu subschool, now the majority | |||
*1200-53: Dogen, Tendai clergyman, founder of Soto Zen school in Japan | |||
*1222-82: Nichiren, Tendai clergyman, founder of his own school | |||
*1290-1364: Butön, compiler of Kanjur | |||
*13th century: Tibetan Buddhism spreads to Mongols | |||
*14th century: Theravada established in Siam, Cambodia and Laos | |||
*1357-1419: Tsongkhapa, reformer of Kadam, which was consequently renamed Gelug | |||
*15th century: Kanjur printed | |||
*1505: Portuguese invasion of Ceylon: persecution of Buddhism contributes to lapse of ordination lineage | |||
*c1613: Western Kalmyks, a Buddhist Mongol tribe, cross the Urals and settle on the lower Volga in Eastern Europe | |||
*1753: ordination lineage restored to Ceylon from Siam | |||
*1871: Fifth (Theravada) Council, Mandalay, approves inscriptions of Pali Canon on 729 marble slabs (still on display in Kuthodaw Pagoda) | |||
*1872: Japan repeals law of clerical celibacy; marriage subsequently becomes the norm | |||
*c. 1893: probable date of first collected printed edition of Pali Canon | |||
*1928: Supreme Patriarch of Siam bans purported ordination of nuns | |||
*1930: Soka Gakkai founded, originally within the Nichiren Shoshu subschool, but eventually becoming a separate denomination | |||
*1954-6: Sixth (Theravada) Council, Rangoon, approves 40-volume printed edition of the Pali Canon | |||
*1959: after failed Tibetan uprising against Communist China, Dalai Lama flees to India | |||
*2004: the monastic order in Myanmar rules there can be no valid ordination of nuns in modern times | |||
*2005: Inamaluwe Sumangala becomes Sangha Maha Nayaka of Dambulla chapter of Siyam Nikaya in Sri Lankan Theravada; continues his practice (since 1998) of carrying out ordination ceremonies for nuns | |||
Latest revision as of 04:23, 6 July 2023
BC
- c480?: birth of the (future) Buddha; by the 3rd century BC this was believed to have occurred in what is now Rummindei, Nepal
- c445?: his awakening and founding of Buddhism
- c400?: his death; alleged First Council, Rajagaha (Rajgir), to collect his teachings (historicity uncertain)
- late 4th century: Second Council, Vesali (Besarh), to settle dispute over monastic discipline; agreed that monks should not accept money
- mid 3rd century: patronage of Emperor Asoka; earliest classical Indian inscriptions, including mention of Buddhism; probable date of Third (Theravada?) Council, Pataliputta (Patna), to deal with wrong views; Asoka's son Mahinda leads mission establishing Buddhism in Ceylon; possibly missionaries also sent to Greek kingdoms as far as Epirus and Cyrene
- 2nd century: earliest known surviving Buddhist manuscript, found in Gandhara (N Pakistan, E Afghanistan)[1]
- last century: Pali Canon said to have been written down from oral tradition at Fourth (Theravada) Council in Ceylon
AD
- 65: earliest record of Buddhism in China
- 2nd century: first translations of Buddhist texts into Chinese, including some Mahayana ones; about this time Nagarjuna, major figure in formation of Mahayana
- 372: first definite record of Buddhism in Korea (mission from China)
- early 5th century?: Indian monk Bodhidharma arrives in China, precursor of Zen
- 476-542: Tanluan, founder of Pure Land school
- 538: Buddhist mission to Japan (from Korea)
- 638-713: Huinang, Patriarch of Zen
- mid 8th century: earliest definite proof of Buddhism in Tibet
- 779: Buddhism official religion of Tibet; Padmasambhava (Guru Rinpoche) about this time regarded as founder of what later became known as Nyingma school
- 767-822: Saicho, founder of Tendai school in Japan; a week after his death the emperor approves his proposal for a new ordination instead of the traditional monastic one; eventually displaces it
- 774-835: Kukai, founder of Shingon school in Japan
- 868: oldest known printed book, Chinese translation of Diamond Sutra, a Mahayana scripture
- 10th century: first printed Chinese collected edition of Buddhist literature (mostly lost)
- 982-1054: Atisa, Indian founder of Kadam school in Tibet
- 11th century: Theravada established in Burma
- 1012-96: Marpa, precursor of Kagyu school in Tibet
- 1079-1153: Gampopa, actual founder of Kagyu as organized school
- 1133-1212: Honen, Tendai clergyman, founder of Pure Land (Jodo) school in Japan
- 1141-1215: Eisai, Tendai clergyman, founder of Rinzai Zen school in Japan
- 1173-1263: Shinran, disciple of Honen, founder of Jodo Shinshu subschool, now the majority
- 1200-53: Dogen, Tendai clergyman, founder of Soto Zen school in Japan
- 1222-82: Nichiren, Tendai clergyman, founder of his own school
- 1290-1364: Butön, compiler of Kanjur
- 13th century: Tibetan Buddhism spreads to Mongols
- 14th century: Theravada established in Siam, Cambodia and Laos
- 1357-1419: Tsongkhapa, reformer of Kadam, which was consequently renamed Gelug
- 15th century: Kanjur printed
- 1505: Portuguese invasion of Ceylon: persecution of Buddhism contributes to lapse of ordination lineage
- c1613: Western Kalmyks, a Buddhist Mongol tribe, cross the Urals and settle on the lower Volga in Eastern Europe
- 1753: ordination lineage restored to Ceylon from Siam
- 1871: Fifth (Theravada) Council, Mandalay, approves inscriptions of Pali Canon on 729 marble slabs (still on display in Kuthodaw Pagoda)
- 1872: Japan repeals law of clerical celibacy; marriage subsequently becomes the norm
- c. 1893: probable date of first collected printed edition of Pali Canon
- 1928: Supreme Patriarch of Siam bans purported ordination of nuns
- 1930: Soka Gakkai founded, originally within the Nichiren Shoshu subschool, but eventually becoming a separate denomination
- 1954-6: Sixth (Theravada) Council, Rangoon, approves 40-volume printed edition of the Pali Canon
- 1959: after failed Tibetan uprising against Communist China, Dalai Lama flees to India
- 2004: the monastic order in Myanmar rules there can be no valid ordination of nuns in modern times
- 2005: Inamaluwe Sumangala becomes Sangha Maha Nayaka of Dambulla chapter of Siyam Nikaya in Sri Lankan Theravada; continues his practice (since 1998) of carrying out ordination ceremonies for nuns
- ↑ Annual Report of the International Institute for Advanced Buddhology at Soka University, XIV (2011), page 19