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'''''Doctor Who''''' is a British [[Science fiction on television|science fiction television]] programme produced by the [[BBC]]. The programme depicts the adventures of a mysterious alien [[Time travel|time-traveller]] known as "[[Doctor (Doctor Who)|the Doctor]]" who travels in his space and time-ship, the [[TARDIS]], which normally appears from the exterior to be a blue 1950s [[police box]]. With his [[Companion (Doctor Who)|companions]], he explores time and space, solving problems, facing [[List of Doctor Who monsters and aliens|a variety of foes]] and righting wrongs.
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The programme is listed in ''[[Guinness World Records]]'' as the longest-running science fiction television show in the world,<ref>{{cite news
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| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/5390372.stm
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| title=Dr Who 'longest-running sci-fi'
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| publisher=[[BBC News]]
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| date=2006-09-28
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| accessdate=2006-09-30
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}}</ref> and as the "most successful" science fiction series of all time, in terms of its overall broadcast ratings, DVD sales, book sales and iTunes traffic, as well as "illegal downloads."<ref>http://www.variety.com/article/VR1118006512.html?categoryid=14&cs=1&nid=2562</ref> It has been recognised for its imaginative stories, creative low-budget [[special effect]]s during its original run, and pioneering use of electronic music (originally produced by the [[BBC Radiophonic Workshop]]). The show is a significant part of [[Culture of the United Kingdom|British]] [[popular culture]];<ref>{{cite journal
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| title = The end of Olde Englande: A lament for Blighty
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| url = http://www.economist.com/world/britain/displaystory.cfm?story_id=7912946
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| accessdate = 2006-09-18}}<br>{{cite web
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| title=ICONS. A Portrait of England
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| url=http://www.icons.org.uk/theicons/collection/doctor-who
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| accessdate=2007-11-10
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}}</ref><ref name="Moran">{{cite news
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| first = Caitlin
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| last = Moran
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| authorlink = Caitlin Moran
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| title = Doctor Who is simply masterful
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| url = http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/tv_and_radio/article1989181.ece
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| work = [[The Times]]
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| publisher = [[News Corporation]]
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| date = 2007-06-30
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| accessdate = 2007-07-01
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| quote = [''Doctor Who''] is as thrilling and as loved as ''Jolene'', or bread and cheese, or honeysuckle, or Friday. It’s quintessential to being British.}}</ref> in the [[United Kingdom]] and elsewhere, it has become a [[Cult following|cult television]] favourite and has influenced generations of British television professionals, many of whom grew up watching the series. It has received [[#Awards|recognition]] from critics and the public as one of the finest British television programmes, including the [[British Academy Television Awards|BAFTA Award]] for [[British Academy Television Award for Best Drama Series|Best Drama Series]] in 2006.
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The programme originally ran from 1963 to 1989. After an unsuccessful attempt to revive regular production with a [[Television pilot#Backdoor pilots|backdoor pilot]] in the form of a [[Doctor Who (1996 film)|1996 television film]], the programme was successfully [[History of Doctor Who#The 2000s|relaunched]] in 2005, produced [[in-house]] by [[BBC Wales]] in [[Cardiff]]. The first three seasons of the new series had some development money contributed by the [[Canadian Broadcasting Corporation]] (CBC), which was credited as a co-producer.<ref>{{cite journal
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| journal = Enlightenment
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}}</ref> ''Doctor Who'' has also spawned [[Doctor Who spin-offs|spin-offs]] in multiple media, including the current television programmes ''[[Torchwood]]'' and ''[[The Sarah Jane Adventures]]'', the upcoming ''[[K-9 (TV series)|K-9]]'' and a single 1981 pilot episode of ''[[K-9 and Company]]''.
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The show's protagonist, the Doctor, has been played by ten actors over the history of the show so far. The transition from one actor to another is written into the plot of the show as [[Regeneration (Doctor Who)|regeneration]], and the different portrayals are often treated as distinct characters, to the extent that they have on occasion encountered one another and worked together. The Doctor is currently portrayed by [[David Tennant]], who has announced that he will leave the role after appearing in four special episodes throughout 2009 and early 2010.<ref name="Tennantleaves">{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/doctorwho/s4/misc/news/
*[[:Category:Inactive Sports Authors]]
|title=David Tennant to leave Doctor Who
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|publisher=BBC ''Doctor Who'' website
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|date=2008-10-29
|accessdate=2008-10-29
}}</ref><ref>{{cite web
|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/7698539.stm
|title=David Tennant quits as Doctor Who
|publisher=BBC News
|date=2008-10-29
|accessdate=2008-10-29
}}</ref> In the programme's [[Doctor Who (series 4)|most recent series]], which ended on 5 July 2008,<ref name="Series4">{{cite web| title = Series Four confirmed
| work = Doctor Who - News
| publisher = [[BBC]]
| date = 22 March 2007
| url = http://www.bbc.co.uk/doctorwho/news/cult/news/drwho/2007/03/22/41793.shtml
| accessdate = 2007-03-22}}</ref> [[Catherine Tate]] played the Doctor's companion, reprising her role of [[Donna Noble]] from the [[The Runaway Bride (Doctor Who)|2006 Christmas special]].<ref name="qprhig">{{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/wales/6267680.stm|title=Tate to be Doctor's new companion|accessdate=2007-07-04 |work=[[bbc.co.uk]]}}</ref> Following the 2009–2010 special episodes, a fifth series will air in 2010,<ref>{{cite journal |last=Spilsbury |first=Tom |authorlink=Tom Spilsbury |date=2008-07-23 cover date |title=Gallifrey Guardian |journal=[[Doctor Who Magazine]] |issue=397 |pages=10}}</ref> in which the Eleventh Doctor will be portrayed by [[Matt Smith (British actor)|Matt Smith]] with [[Karen Gillan]] playing his companion, [[Amy Pond]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/8073734.stm|title=Doctor Who assistant is unveiled|date=2009-05-29|accessdate=2009-05-29}}</ref> On 6 October 2009, a redesigned logo was unveiled.<ref>http://www.bbc.co.uk/doctorwho/s4/features/galleries/gallery_new_logo_wallpaper</ref> The new logo accompanies a redesign of the iconic TARDIS, to be shown in 2010.<ref>[http://tv.sky.com/doctor-who-past-doctors Gallery of Doctor Who]</ref>
 
==History==
{{main|History of Doctor Who}}
''Doctor Who'' first appeared on BBC television at 17:15 [[Greenwich Mean Time|GMT]] on 23 November 1963,<ref>Howe, Stammers, Walker (1994), p. 54</ref> following discussions and plans that had been in progress for a year. The [[BBC television drama|Head of Drama]], [[Sydney Newman]], was mainly responsible for developing the programme, with the first format document for the series being written by Newman along with the Head of the Script Department (later Head of Serials) [[Donald Wilson (writer and producer)|Donald Wilson]] and staff writer [[C. E. Webber]]. Writer [[Anthony Coburn]], [[Script editor|story editor]] [[David Whitaker (screenwriter)|David Whitaker]] and initial [[Television producer|producer]] [[Verity Lambert]] also heavily contributed to the development of the series.<ref>Howe, Stammers, Walker (1994), pp. 157&ndash;230 ("Production Diary")<br>Newman is often given sole creator credit for the series. Some reference works such as ''The Complete Encyclopedia of Television Programs 1947–1979'' by Vincent Terrace erroneously credit Terry Nation with creating ''Doctor Who'', due to the way his name is credited in the two Peter Cushing films.<br>Newman and Lambert's role in originating the series was recognised in the 2007 episode "[[Human Nature (Doctor Who episode)|Human Nature]]", in which the Doctor, in disguise as a human named John Smith, gives his parents' names as Sydney and Verity.</ref> The series' title theme was composed by [[Ron Grainer]] and realised by [[Delia Derbyshire]] of the [[BBC Radiophonic Workshop]].<ref>Richards, p. 23</ref> The programme was originally intended to appeal to a family audience.<ref>Howe, Stammers, Walker (1992), p. 3</ref>
The BBC drama department's Serials division produced the programme for 26 series, broadcast on [[BBC One]]. Viewing numbers that had fallen (though comparably increased at some points), a decline in the public perception of the show and a less prominent transmission slot saw production suspended in 1989 by [[Jonathan Powell (producer)|Jonathan Powell]], Controller of BBC One.<ref name="powell">{{cite web
|url=http://media.guardian.co.uk/bbc/story/0,,1511487,00.html
|title=Doctor Who makes the Grade
|first=Jason
|last=Deans
|publisher=[[Guardian.co.uk|Guardian Unlimited]]
|quote=But Mr Grade was not at the helm when Doctor Who was finally retired for good in 1989 - that decision fell to the then BBC1 controller, Jonathan Powell.
|date=2005-06-21
|accessdate=2007-02-04}}</ref> Although it was effectively [[cancellation (television)|cancelled]] (as series co-star [[Sophie Aldred]] reported in the documentary ''Doctor Who: More Than 30 Years in the TARDIS''), the BBC said the series would return.
 
While in-house production had ceased, the BBC was hopeful of finding an independent production company to relaunch the show.  [[Philip Segal]], a British [[expatriate]] who worked for [[Columbia Pictures]]' television arm in the United States, approached the BBC about such a venture. Segal's negotiations eventually led to a [[television film]]. [[Doctor Who (1996 film)|The ''Doctor Who'' television film]] was broadcast on the [[Fox Broadcasting Company|Fox Network]] in 1996 as a co-production between Fox, [[Universal Studios|Universal Pictures]], the BBC and [[BBC Worldwide]]. Although the film was successful in the UK (with 9.1 million viewers), it was less so in the United States and did not lead to a series.
 
[[Doctor Who spin-offs|Licensed]] media such as novels and audio plays provided new stories, but as a television programme ''Doctor Who'' remained dormant until 2003. In September of that year, [[BBC Television]] announced the in-house production of a new series after several years of unsuccessful attempts by BBC Worldwide to find backing for a feature film version. The executive producers of the new incarnation of the series are writer [[Russell T Davies]] and [[BBC Wales]] Head of Drama/BBC Television Controller of Drama Commissioning [[Julie Gardner]]. It has been sold to many other countries worldwide (see [[#Viewership|Viewership]]).
 
''Doctor Who'' finally returned with the episode [[Rose (Doctor Who)|"Rose"]] on BBC One on 26 March 2005. There have been three further series in 2006, 2007, and 2008 and Christmas Day specials in 2005, 2006, 2007 and 2008. The fourth series began on BBC One on 5 April 2008. There will be a rest year in 2009, with no new series, although David Tennant will star in four specials. After the 2008 Christmas special and four special episodes in 2009, a fifth full-length series is planned for Spring 2010,<ref name="BBC2009/10">{{cite news
|title = Series Five
|work = Doctor Who: News
|publisher = BBC
|date=2007-09-03
|url = http://www.bbc.co.uk/doctorwho/news/cult/news/drwho/2007/09/03/48471.shtml
|accessdate = 2007-09-03 }}, note that Tennant is confirmed for the 2009 specials.</ref> with [[Steven Moffat]] replacing Davies as head writer and executive producer.<ref name=RTDgone>{{cite web
|title = Doctor Who guru Davies steps down
|publisher = [[BBC News]]
|date = 2008-05-20
|url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/7411177.stm
|accessdate = 2008-05-20}}</ref>
 
The 2005–present version of ''Doctor Who'' is considered a direct continuation of the 1963–89 series, as is the 1996 telefilm. This differs from other series relaunches that have either been reimaginings or reboots (e.g., ''[[Battlestar Galactica (2004 TV series)|Battlestar Galactica]]'' and ''[[Bionic Woman (2007 TV series)|Bionic Woman]]'') or series taking place in the same universe as the original but with a totally new cast of characters (e.g., ''[[Star Trek: The Next Generation]]'' and spin-offs).<ref>[http://www.gallifreyone.com/newseriesfaq.php Outpost Gallifrey: TV Series FAQ<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>
 
===Public consciousness===
The programme rapidly became a national institution in the United Kingdom, with a large following among the general viewing audience.<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.screenonline.org.uk/tv/id/454592/index.html
|title=Doctor Who (1963&ndash;89, 2005&ndash;)
|first=Anthony
|last=Clark
|publisher=[[Screenonline]]
|quote=The science fiction adventure series Doctor Who (BBC, 1963–89) has created a phenomenon unlike any other British TV programme.
|accessdate=2007-03-21}}<br>{{cite web
|url=http://www.museum.tv/archives/etv/D/htmlD/doctorwho/doctorwho.htm
|title=Doctor Who
|first=John
|last=Tulloch
|publisher=[[Museum of Broadcast Communications]]
|quote=The official fans have never amounted to more than a fraction of the audience. Doctor Who achieved the status of an institution as well as a cult.
|accessdate=2007-03-21}}</ref> Many renowned actors asked for or were offered and accepted [[Celebrity and notable guest appearances in Doctor Who|guest starring roles]] in various stories.
 
With popularity came controversy over the show's suitability for children. Moral campaigner [[Mary Whitehouse]] repeatedly complained to the BBC in the 1970s over what she saw as the show's frightening or gory content;<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0925766/bio|title=Biography of Mary Whitehouse|accessdate=2007-07-06}}</ref> however, the programme became even more popular—especially with children. [[John Nathan-Turner]], who produced the series during the 1980s, was heard to say that he looked forward to Whitehouse's comments, as the show's ratings would increase soon after she had made them.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/new_media/1965981.stm|title=Doctor Who Producer Dies|accessdate=2007-07-06}}</ref> During the 1970s, the ''[[Radio Times]]'', the BBC's [[listings magazine]], announced that a child's mother said the theme music terrified her son. The ''Radio Times'' was apologetic, but the theme music remained.
 
There were more complaints about the programme's content than its music. During [[Jon Pertwee]]'s [[List of Doctor Who serials#Season 8 (1971)|second season]] as the Doctor, in the serial ''[[Terror of the Autons]]'' (1971), images of murderous plastic dolls, daffodils killing unsuspecting victims and blank-featured android policemen marked the apex of the show's ability to frighten children. Other notable moments in that decade included the Doctor apparently being drowned by Chancellor Goth in ''[[The Deadly Assassin]]'' (1976) and the allegedly negative portrayal of Chinese people in ''[[The Talons of Weng-Chiang]]'' (1977).
 
It has been said that watching ''Doctor Who'' from a position of safety "[[behind the sofa]]" (as the ''Doctor Who'' exhibition at the [[Museum of the Moving Image]] in London was titled) and peering cautiously out to see if the frightening part was over is one of the great shared experiences of British childhood. The phrase has become commonly used in association with the programme and occasionally elsewhere.
 
[[File:TARDIS2.jpg|thumb|The Mark II fibreglass [[TARDIS]] used between 1980 and 1989]]
A BBC audience research survey conducted in 1972 found that by their own definition of "any act(s) which may cause physical and / or psychological injury, hurt or death to persons, animals or property, whether intentional or accidental", ''Doctor Who'' was the most violent of all the drama programmes the corporation then produced.<ref name="times-violence">{{cite news|title=Violence is not really Dr Who's cup of tea|publisher=[[The Times]]|first=Philip|last=Howard|date=1972-01-29|accessdate=2007-01-17|pages=2}}</ref> The same report found that 3% of the surveyed audience regarded the show as "very unsuitable" for family viewing.<ref name="times-audience">{{cite news|title=The Times Diary - Points of view|publisher=[[The Times]]|date=1972-01-27|accessdate=2007-01-17|pages=16}}</ref> However, responding to the findings of the survey in ''[[The Times]]'' newspaper, journalist Philip Howard maintained that: "to compare the violence of ''Dr Who'', sired by a horse-laugh out of a nightmare, with the more realistic violence of other television series, where actors who look like human beings bleed paint that looks like blood, is like comparing [[Monopoly (game)|Monopoly]] with the property market in London: both are fantasies, but one is meant to be taken seriously."<ref name="times-violence"/>
 
The image of the [[TARDIS]] has become firmly linked to the show in the public's consciousness. In 1996, the BBC applied for a [[trademark]] to use the TARDIS' blue [[police box]] design in merchandising associated with ''Doctor Who''.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.patent.gov.uk/tm/t-find/t-find-number?detailsrequested=C&trademark=2104259 |title=Case details for Trade Mark 2104259 |accessdate=2007-01-17 |publisher=[[UK Intellectual Property Office|UK Patent Office]]}}</ref> In 1998, the Metropolitan Police filed an objection to the trademark claim; in 2002 the [[UK Intellectual Property Office|Patent Office]] ruled in favour of the BBC.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.patent.gov.uk/tm/t-decisionmaking/t-challenge/t-challenge-decision-results/t-challenge-decision-results-bl?BL_Number=O/336/02 |title=Trade mark decision |accessdate=2007-01-17 |work=[[UK Intellectual Property Office|UK Patent Office]] website}}<br>{{cite web |url=http://www.patent.gov.uk/tm//legal/decisions/2002/o33602.pdf |title=IN THE MATTER OF Application No. 2104259 by The British Broadcasting Corporation to register a series of three marks in Classes 9, 16, 25 and 41 AND IN THE MATTER OF Opposition thereto under No. 48452 by The Metropolitan Police Authority |accessdate=2007-01-17 |last=Knight |first=Mike |format=[[Portable Document Format|PDF]] |publisher=[[UK Intellectual Property Office|UK Patent Office]]|format=PDF}}<br>{{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/tv_and_radio/2352743.stm |title=BBC wins police Tardis case |accessdate=2007-01-17 |date=2002-10-23 |work=[[BBC News]]}}</ref>
 
The programme's broad appeal attracts audiences of children and families as well as science fiction fans. It has been described as popular in [[LGBT culture|gay culture]] owing to its [[Camp (style)|camp]] tendencies.<ref>{{cite news |first=Sam |last=Leith |title=Worshipping Doctor Who from behind the sofa |url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/opinion/main.jhtml?xml=/opinion/2008/07/05/do0502.xml |work=[[Daily Telegraph]] |date=2008-07-04 |accessdate=2008-07-07}}</ref>
 
The 21st century revival of the programme has become the centrepiece of BBC One's Saturday schedule, and has "defined the channel".<ref>{{cite news |first=James |last=Robinson |title=Television's Lord of prime time awaits his next regeneration |url=http://observer.guardian.co.uk/business/story/0,,2036415,00.html |work=[[The Observer]]|date=2007-03-18 |accessdate=2007-03-19}}</ref>  Since its return, ''Doctor Who'' has consistently received high ratings, both in number of viewers and as measured by the [[Appreciation Index]].<ref>{{cite news |first=Andrew |last=Pettie |title=Casting Matt Smith shows that Doctor Who is a savvy multi-million pound brand |url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/tvandradio/4094067/Casting-Matt-Smith-shows-that-Doctor-Who-is-a-savvy-multi-million-pound-brand.html |work=[[Daily Telegraph]] |date=4 January 2009 |accessdate=4 January 2009}}</ref> In 2007, [[Caitlin Moran]], television reviewer for ''[[The Times]]'', wrote that ''Doctor Who'' is "quintessential to being British".<ref name="Moran" /> The film director [[Steven Spielberg]] has commented that "the world would be a poorer place without ''Doctor Who''."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://blogs.guardian.co.uk/organgrinder/2008/08/steven_moffat_dont_rule_out_do.html|title=Edinburgh TV Festival 2008: don't rule out Doctor Who feature film, says Steven Moffat|first=Ben|last=Dowell|publisher=[[Guardian Unlimited]]|date=2008-08-23|accessdate=2008-08-23}}</ref>
 
==Episodes==
{{See|List of Doctor Who serials}}
''Doctor Who'' originally ran for [[List of Doctor Who serials|26 series (seasons)]] on [[BBC One]], from 23 November 1963 until 6 December 1989. During the original run, each weekly episode formed part of a story (or "[[Serial (radio and television)|serial]]")—usually of four to six parts in earlier years and three to four in later years. Notable exceptions were the epic ''[[The Daleks' Master Plan]]'', which aired in twelve episodes (plus an earlier one-episode teaser, "[[Mission to the Unknown]]", featuring none of the regular cast)<ref>''[[The Daleks' Master Plan]]''. Writers [[Terry Nation]] and [[Dennis Spooner]], Director [[Douglas Camfield]], Producer [[John Wiles]]. ''Doctor Who''. [[BBC]]. [[BBC One]], London. 13 November 1965–29 January 1966.<br>{{cite episode | title = Mission to the Unknown | episodelink = Mission to the Unknown | series = Doctor Who | credits = Writer [[Terry Nation]], Director [[Derek Martinus]], Producer [[Verity Lambert]] | network = [[BBC]] | station = [[BBC One]] | city = London | airdate = 1965-10-09}}</ref>, almost an entire series (season) of 7-episode serials (season 7), the 10-episode serial ''[[The War Games]]'',<ref name=WarGames>''[[The War Games]]''. Writers [[Malcolm Hulke]] and [[Terrance Dicks]], Director [[David Maloney]], Producer [[Derrick Sherwin]]. ''Doctor Who''. [[BBC]]. [[BBC One]], London. 19 April 1969–21 June 1969.</ref> and ''[[The Trial of a Time Lord]]'', which ran for 14 episodes (albeit divided into three production codes and four narrative segments) during [[List of Doctor Who serials#Season 23 (1986)|Season 23]].<ref name=Trial>''[[The Trial of a Time Lord]]''. Writers [[Robert Holmes (scriptwriter)|Robert Holmes]], [[Philip Martin (screenwriter)|Philip Martin]] and [[Pip and Jane Baker]], Directors [[Nicholas Mallett]], [[Ron Jones (television director)|Ron Jones]] and Chris Clough, Producer [[John Nathan-Turner]]. ''Doctor Who''. [[BBC]]. [[BBC One]], London. 6 September 1986–6 December 1986.</ref> Occasionally serials were loosely connected by a storyline, such as [[List of Doctor Who serials#Season 16 (1978–79)|Season 16]]'s quest for [[The Key to Time]] or [[List of Doctor Who serials#Season 18 (1980–81)|Season 18]]'s journey through [[E-Space]] and the theme of entropy.
 
The programme was intended to be educational and for family viewing on the early Saturday evening schedule. Initially, it alternated stories set in the past, which taught younger audience members about history, with stories set either in the future or in outer space to teach them about science. This was also reflected in the Doctor's original companions, one of whom was a science teacher and another a history teacher.
 
However, science fiction stories came to dominate the programme and the "historicals", which were not popular with the production team, were dropped after ''[[The Highlanders (Doctor Who)|The Highlanders]]'' (1967). While the show continued to use historical settings, they were generally used as a backdrop for science fiction tales, with one exception: ''[[Black Orchid (Doctor Who)|Black Orchid]]'' set in 1920s UK.<ref name=Orchid>''[[Black Orchid (Doctor Who)|Black Orchid]]''. Writer [[Terence Dudley]], Director [[Ron Jones (television director)|Ron Jones]], Producer [[John Nathan-Turner]]. ''Doctor Who''. [[BBC]]. [[BBC One]], London. 1 March 1982–2 March 1982.</ref>
 
The early stories were serial-like in nature, with the narrative of one story flowing into the next, and each episode having its own title, although produced as distinct stories with their own production codes. Following ''[[The Gunfighters]]'' (1966), however, each serial was given its own title, with the individual parts simply being assigned episode numbers. What to name these earlier stories is often [[Doctor Who story title debate|a subject of fan debate]].
 
Writers during the original run included [[Terry Nation]], [[Henry Lincoln]], [[Douglas Adams]], [[Robert Holmes (scriptwriter)|Robert Holmes]], [[Terrance Dicks]], [[Dennis Spooner]], [[Eric Saward]], [[Malcolm Hulke]], [[Christopher H. Bidmead]], [[Stephen Gallagher]], [[Brian Hayles]], [[Robert Sloman]], [[Chris Boucher]], [[Peter Grimwade]], [[Marc Platt]] and [[Ben Aaronovitch]].
 
The serial format changed for the [[List of Doctor Who serials#Ninth Doctor|2005 revival]], with each series consisting of thirteen 45-minute, self-contained episodes (60 minutes with adverts, on overseas commercial channels), and an extended episode broadcast on Christmas Day. Each series includes several standalone and multi-part stories, linked with a loose story arc that resolves in the series finale. As in the early "classic" era, each episode—whether standalone or part of a larger story—has its own title.
 
753 ''Doctor Who'' instalments have been televised since 1963, ranging between 25-minute episodes (the most common format), 45-minute episodes (for ''[[Resurrection of the Daleks]]'' in the 1984 series, a single season in 1985, and the revival), two feature-length productions (1983's "[[The Five Doctors]]" and the [[Doctor Who (1996 film)|1996 television film]]), three 60-minute [[Christmas special#Television series specials|Christmas specials]] and a 72 minute Christmas Special in 2007. Two mini-episodes, running about eight minutes each, were also produced for the 2005 and 2007 [[Children in Need]] charity appeals, while another mini episode was produced in 2008 for a ''Doctor Who''-themed edition of [[The Proms]].
 
The revived series was filmed in [[PAL]] [[576i]] [[Betacam#Digital Betacam|DigiBeta]] wide-screen format and then [[Filmizing|filmised]] to give a 25p image in post-production using a [[Snell & Wilcox]] Alchemist Platinum. Starting from the 2009 special "[[Planet of the Dead]]", the series is filmed in [[1080p]] for [[HDTV]],<ref>{{cite web|title=Doctor Who to be filmed in HD|url=http://www.drwho-online.co.uk/news/#newseries-hd0|publisher=Doctor Who Online|date=2009-02-04|accessdate= 2009-02-05}}</ref> and broadcast simultaneously on [[BBC One]] and [[BBC HD]].
 
===Missing episodes===
{{Main|Doctor Who missing episodes}}
Between about 1964 and 1974, large amounts of older material stored in the BBC's various video tape and film libraries were either destroyed<ref>The tapes, based on a [[405-line television system|405-line broadcast standard]], were rendered obsolete when UK television changed to a [[625-line television system|625-line signal]] in preparation for the soon-to-begin colour transmissions.</ref> or simply [[Wiping|wiped]]. This included many old episodes of ''Doctor Who'', mostly stories featuring the first three Doctors—[[William Hartnell]], [[Patrick Troughton]] and [[Jon Pertwee]]. Following consolidations and recoveries the archives are complete from the programme's move to colour television (starting from Jon Pertwee's time as the Doctor), although a few Pertwee episodes have required substantial restoration; a handful have been recovered only as black and white films, and several survive in colour only as [[NTSC]] copies recovered from North America (a few of which are domestic, off-air [[Betamax]] tape recordings, not transmission quality). In all, [[List of incomplete Doctor Who serials|108]] of 253 episodes produced during the first six years (most notably seasons 3,4 & 5) of the programme are not held in the BBC's archives. It has been reported that in 1972 almost all episodes then made were known to exist at the BBC,<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.purpleville.pwp.blueyonder.co.uk/rtwebsite/archive.htm
|title=BBC Archive Holdings
|first=Richard
|last=Molesworth
|publisher=[[Doctor Who Restoration Team]]
|quote=A full set was held at least until early 1972, as 16 mm black and white film negatives (apart - of course - from 'Masterplan' 7). .
|accessdate=2007-04-30}}</ref> whilst by 1978 the practice of wiping tapes had ended.<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.purpleville.pwp.blueyonder.co.uk/rtwebsite/archive.htm
|title=BBC Archive Holdings
|first=Richard
|last=Molesworth
|publisher=[[Doctor Who Restoration Team]]
|quote=the videotapes began to be wiped, or re-used, until the formation of the BBC’s Film and Videotape Library in 1978 put a stop to this particular practice.
|accessdate=2007-04-30}}</ref>
 
Some episodes have been returned to the BBC from the archives of other countries who bought copies for broadcast, or by private individuals who got them by various means. Early colour videotape recordings made off-air by fans have also been retrieved, as well as excerpts filmed from the television screen onto 8&nbsp;mm [[cine film]] and clips that were shown on other programmes. Audio versions of all of the lost episodes exist from home viewers who made tape recordings of the show.
 
In addition to these, there are off-screen photographs made by photographer [[John Cura]], who was hired by various production personnel to document many of their programmes during the 1950s and 1960s, including ''Doctor Who''. These have been used in [[Doctor Who missing episodes#Reconstruction|fan reconstructions]] of the serials. These amateur reconstructions have been tolerated by the BBC, provided they are not sold for profit and are distributed as low quality VHS copies.
 
One of the most sought-after lost episodes is Part Four of the last William Hartnell serial, ''[[The Tenth Planet]]'' (1966), which ends with the [[First Doctor]] transforming into the [[Second Doctor|Second]]. The only portion of this in existence, barring a few poor quality silent 8&nbsp;mm clips, is the few seconds of the regeneration scene, as it was shown on the children's magazine show ''[[Blue Peter]]''. With the approval of the BBC, efforts are now under way to restore as many of the episodes as possible from the extant material.
Starting in the early 1990s, the BBC began to release audio recordings of missing serials on cassette and compact disc, with linking narration provided by former series actors. "Official" reconstructions have also been released by the BBC on VHS, on [[MP3]] [[CD-ROM]] and as a special feature on a DVD. The BBC, in conjunction with animation studio [[Cosgrove Hall Films|Cosgrove Hall]] has reconstructed the missing Episodes 1 and 4 of ''[[The Invasion (Doctor Who)|The Invasion]]'' (1968) in animated form, using remastered audio tracks and the comprehensive stage notes for the original filming, for the serial's DVD release in November 2006. Although no similar reconstructions have been announced {{as of|2007|lc=on}}, Cosgrove Hall has expressed an interest in animating more lost episodes in the future.<ref>''Flash Frames'', a featurette included on the DVD release of [[The Invasion (Doctor Who)|The Invasion]], [[BBC Video]], 2006.</ref>
 
In April 2006, ''Blue Peter'' launched a challenge to find these missing episodes with the promise of a full scale [[Dalek]] model.<ref>{{cite web
| month =April | year =2006
| url =http://web.archive.org/web/20060424144255/http://www.bbc.co.uk/cbbc/bluepeter/content/articles/2006/04/19/doctor_who_feature.shtml
| title =Blue Peter — Missing Doctor Who tapes
| publisher =[[bbc.co.uk]]
| accessdate =2006-04-24
}}</ref>
 
==Characters==
===The Doctor===
{{Main|Doctor (Doctor Who)}}
[[File:10dr19.jpg|thumb|right|251px|<center>The eleven faces of the Doctor</center><br>'''(Top)''' L-R: [[William Hartnell]], [[Patrick Troughton]], [[Jon Pertwee]], [[Tom Baker]]<br>'''(Middle)''' L-R: [[Peter Davison]], [[Colin Baker]], [[Sylvester McCoy]], [[Paul McGann]]<br>'''(Bottom)''' L-R: [[Christopher Eccleston]], [[David Tennant]], [[Matt Smith (actor)|Matt Smith]]]]<!-- FAIR USE of 10dr19.jpg: see image description page at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/10dr19.jpg for rationale -->
 
The character of the Doctor was initially shrouded in mystery. All that was known about him in the programme's early days was that he was an eccentric alien traveller of great intelligence who battled injustice while exploring time and space in an unreliable old time machine called the [[TARDIS]], an acronym for '''T'''ime '''A'''nd '''R'''elative '''D'''imension(s) '''I'''n '''S'''pace. As it appears much larger on the inside than on the outside, the TARDIS has been described by the [[Third Doctor]] as "dimensionally transcendental"<ref>Now an entry in the [[Oxford English Dictionary]] the word "TARDIS" is often used to describe anything that appears larger on the inside than its exterior implies. {{cite web|url = http://www.jessesword.com/sf/view/424|title = Full record for Tardis-like adj.|work = Science Fiction Citations|accessdate=2007-09-07}}</ref> and, due to a malfunction of its [[Chameleon Circuit]], is stuck in the shape of a 1950s-style British [[police box]].
 
However, not only did the initially irascible and slightly sinister Doctor quickly mellow into a more compassionate figure, it was eventually revealed that he had been on the run from his own people, the [[Time Lord]]s of the planet [[Gallifrey]].
 
As a Time Lord, the Doctor has the ability to [[Regeneration (Doctor Who)|regenerate]] his body when near death. Introduced into the storyline as a way of continuing the series when the writers were faced with the departure of lead actor [[William Hartnell]] in 1966, it has continued to be a major element of the series, allowing for the recasting of the lead actor when the need arises. The serial ''[[The Deadly Assassin]]'' established that a Time Lord can regenerate twelve times, for a total of thirteen incarnations (although at least one Time Lord, [[Master (Doctor Who)|the Master]], has managed to circumvent this). To date, the Doctor has gone through this process and its resulting after-effects on nine occasions, with each of his incarnations having his own quirks and abilities but otherwise sharing the memories and experience of the previous incarnations:
<!--Please do not add guest appearances or returns to the role; this is for when each actor was the lead in the programme-->
 
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! The Doctor !! Played by !! Duration
|-
| [[First Doctor]] || [[William Hartnell]] || 1963–1966<ref name="guestappearances">Earlier incarnations of the Doctor have occasionally appeared with the then incarnation in later plots. The First and Second Doctors appeared in the 1973 Third Doctor story, ''[[The Three Doctors (Doctor Who)|The Three Doctors]]''; The First, Second, Third and Fourth appeared in the 1983 Fifth Doctor story, ''[[The Five Doctors]]''; the Second appeared with the Sixth in the 1985 story, [[The Two Doctors]]; and the Fifth appeared with the Tenth in the 2007 mini-episode, "[[Time Crash]]".</ref>
|-
| [[Second Doctor]] || [[Patrick Troughton]] || 1966–1969<ref name="guestappearances"/>
|-
| [[Third Doctor]] || [[Jon Pertwee]] || 1970–1974<ref name="guestappearances"/>
|-
| [[Fourth Doctor]] || [[Tom Baker]] || 1974–1981<ref name="guestappearances"/>
|-
| [[Fifth Doctor]] || [[Peter Davison]] || 1981–1984<ref name="guestappearances"/>
|-
| [[Sixth Doctor]] || [[Colin Baker]] || 1984–1986
|-
| [[Seventh Doctor]] || [[Sylvester McCoy]] || 1987–1989, 1996<ref>{{cite web
|year =2008-03-31
|url = http://www.bbc.co.uk/doctorwho/classic/episodeguide/
|title =BBC official episode guide
|publisher =BBC
|accessdate =2008-03-31
}}<br>[http://www.bbc.co.uk/doctorwho/classic/episodeguide/index_seventh.shtml BBC - Doctor Who - Classic Series - Episode Guide - Seventh Doctor Index<!-- Bot generated title -->]<br>{{cite web
|url = http://www.bbc.co.uk/doctorwho/classic/episodeguide/tvmovie/detail.shtml#cast
|title =TV Movie cast & crew
|publisher =BBC
|accessdate =2008-04-15}}</ref>
|-
| [[Eighth Doctor]] || [[Paul McGann]] || 1996
|-
| [[Ninth Doctor]] || [[Christopher Eccleston]] || 2005
|-
| [[Tenth Doctor]] || [[David Tennant]] || 2005–2010<ref name="Tennantleaves"/>
|-
| [[Eleventh Doctor]] || [[Matt Smith (actor)|Matt Smith]] || 2010–<ref name="doctor11">{{cite episode |title=The Eleventh Doctor |episodelink= |series=[[Doctor Who Confidential]] |credits= |network=[[BBC]] |station=[[BBC One]] |airdate=3 January 2009 |seriesno=4 |number=15}}</ref>
|}
 
There have been instances where actors have returned at later dates to reprise the role of their specific doctor.  In 1973's ''[[The Three Doctors]]'', William Hartnell and Patrick Troughton returned alongside Jon Pertwee. For 1983's ''[[The Five Doctors]]'', Troughton and Pertwee returned to star with Peter Davison, while Hartnell's Doctor was played by actor [[Richard Hurndall]] and Tom Baker appeared in previously unseen footage from the uncompleted [[Shada]] episode.  Patrick Troughton again returned in 1985's ''[[The Two Doctors]]'' with Colin Baker. Finally, Peter Davison returned in 2007's [[Children in Need]] short "[[Time Crash]]" alongside David Tennant. 
 
There has also been an instance where another actor has replaced the original actor, such as when Richard Hurndall played the [[First Doctor]] in ''[[The Five Doctors]]'' following William Hartnell's death; this is the only example of a Doctor being played by two actors. For more information, see the [[list of actors who have played the Doctor]].
 
Despite these shifts in personality, the Doctor remains an intensely curious and highly moral adventurer who would rather solve problems with his wits than by using violence.
 
Throughout the programme's long history there have been controversial revelations about the Doctor. In ''[[The Brain of Morbius]]'' (1976), it was hinted that the [[First Doctor]] may not have been the first incarnation (although the other faces depicted may have been incarnations of the Time Lord Morbius). In subsequent stories, the [[First Doctor]] has always been shown as the earliest incarnation of the Doctor.
 
During the [[Seventh Doctor]]'s era it was hinted that the Doctor was more than just an ordinary Time Lord. In the [[Doctor Who (1996 film)|1996 television movie]], he describes himself as being "half human".<ref>{{cite web
| url = http://www.bbc.co.uk/doctorwho/classic/episodeguide/tvmovie/detail.shtml
| title =Doctor Who: the TV movie
| publisher =BBC
| accessdate =2008-06-13
}}</ref> The revelation has become controversial amongst series fans, given that there have been no references to the concept during the original or revived television series.<ref>[http://www.bbc.co.uk/doctorwho/s4/faq/plot_continuity.shtml BBC - Doctor Who - FAQ - Plot and Continuity]</ref>
 
The 2005 series reveals that the [[Ninth Doctor]] thought he had become the last surviving Time Lord, and that his home planet had been destroyed. The very first episode, ''[[An Unearthly Child]]'', shows that the [[First Doctor|Doctor]] has a granddaughter, [[Susan Foreman]]; in "[[The Empty Child]]" (2005), in response to Constantine's statement that "before this war began, I was a father and a grandfather. Now I am neither", the Doctor remarks, "Yeah, I know the feeling"; and in both "[[Fear Her]]" (2006) and "[[The Doctor's Daughter]]" (2008), he states that he had, in the past, been a father. Also in the latter, his cells are used to produce a daughter (played by [[Georgia Moffett]], the real-life daughter of [[Fifth Doctor]] actor [[Peter Davison]]) who is subsequently named [[Jenny (Doctor Who)|Jenny]] by Donna as a result of his describing her as "a generated anomaly".
 
===Companions===
{{main|Companion (Doctor Who)}}
The Doctor almost always shares his adventures with up to three [[companion (Doctor Who)|companions]], and since 1963 more than 35 actors and actresses have featured in these roles. The First Doctor's original companions were his granddaughter [[Susan Foreman]] ([[Carole Ann Ford]]) and school teachers [[Barbara Wright (Doctor Who)|Barbara Wright]] ([[Jacqueline Hill]]) and [[Ian Chesterton]] ([[William Russell (actor)|William Russell]]). The only story from the original series in which the Doctor travels alone is ''[[The Deadly Assassin]]''.
 
Dramatically, the [[companion (Doctor Who)|companion]] characters provide a [[audience surrogate|surrogate]] with whom the audience can identify, and serve to further the story by requesting exposition from the Doctor and manufacturing peril for the Doctor to resolve. The Doctor regularly gains new companions and loses old ones; sometimes they return home or find new causes — or loves — on worlds they have visited. Some have even died during the course of the series.
 
Although the majority of the Doctor's companions have been young, attractive females, the production team for the 1963–1989 series maintained a long-standing taboo against any overt romantic involvement in the TARDIS. The taboo was controversially broken in the 1996 television film when the [[Eighth Doctor]] was shown kissing companion [[Grace Holloway]]. The 2005 series played with this idea by having various characters think that the [[Ninth Doctor]] and [[Rose Tyler|Rose]] (played by [[Billie Piper]]) were a couple, which they vehemently denied (see also [[Doctor (Doctor Who)#Romance|"The Doctor and romance"]]). In "[[Doomsday (Doctor Who)|Doomsday]]" [[Doctor (Doctor Who)|The Doctor]] says goodbye to Rose and is cut off saying "Rose Tyler..." In "[[Journey's End (Doctor Who)|Journey's End]]" the "new doctor" that grew out of the "biological meta-crisis" with [[Donna Noble]] whispers what is implied as "I love you," in Rose's ear and tells her he would like to spend his life with her. The idea of a possible involvement was suggested again in "[[Smith and Jones (Doctor Who)|Smith and Jones]]", when the [[Tenth Doctor]] kisses his soon-to-be new companion [[Martha Jones]], although the Doctor insists that the kiss was simply for the purpose of 'genetic transfer'. In "[[The Unicorn and the Wasp]]", the Doctor is kissed by [[Donna Noble]] to shock him to neutralise a poison in his system, but again, a romantic purpose is unstated.
 
Previous companions reappeared in the series, usually for anniversary specials. One former companion, [[Sarah Jane Smith]] (played by [[Elisabeth Sladen]]), together with the robotic dog [[K-9 (Doctor Who)|K-9]], appeared in [[School Reunion (Doctor Who)|an episode]] of the 2006 series more than twenty years after their last appearances in the 20th Anniversary story "[[The Five Doctors]]" (1983). Afterwards, the character was featured in the spinoff series ''[[The Sarah Jane Adventures]]''. Sladen once again appeared as Sarah Jane in the final two episodes of the fourth season of the new ''Doctor Who'', with K-9 appearing briefly in the final episode, "[[Journey's End (Doctor Who)|Journey's End]]".
 
The latest companions of the Doctor included a large ensemble cast ranging from Catherine Tate reprising her role as Donna, Billie Piper as Rose, [[Noel Clarke]] as [[Mickey Smith]], [[Freema Agyeman]] as Martha Jones, Elisabeth Sladen as Sarah Jane and [[John Barrowman]] as [[Jack Harkness|Captain Jack]], all of whom departed in the episode "[[Journey's End (Doctor Who)|Journey's End]]".<ref name="qprhig"/> Agyeman appeared as Martha Jones in three episodes of the spin-off series ''Torchwood'' before returning to ''Doctor Who'' halfway through the fourth series.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/doctorwho/news/cult/news/drwho/2007/07/02/46692.shtml |title=More Martha! |accessdate=2007-07-02 |work=[[bbc.co.uk]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/6260374.stm|title=Doctor Who to get extra companion|accessdate=2007-07-02 |work=[[bbc.co.uk]]}}</ref> [[Billie Piper]] briefly reprised her role as [[Rose Tyler]] in the fourth series episode "[[Partners in Crime (Doctor Who)|Partners in Crime]]" and returned to the series from "[[Turn Left (Doctor Who)|Turn Left]]" to "[[Journey's End (Doctor Who)|Journey's End]]".<ref>{{cite web | url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/7114699.stm |title=Billie Piper to return to Dr Who | accessdate=2007-11-27 |work=[[bbc.co.uk]] }} </ref> For the 2007 Christmas episode "[[Voyage of the Damned (Doctor Who)|Voyage of the Damned]]", the Doctor's companion was [[Astrid Peth]], played by Australian performer [[Kylie Minogue]].
 
[[Karen Gillan]] will play the 11th Doctor's companion,<ref>http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/8073734.stm</ref> named [[Amy Pond]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/media/mediamonkeyblog/2009/jul/20/doctor-who-matt-smith-karen-gillan|title=Doctor Who: first look at Matt Smith and new companion|work=[[The Guardian]]|accessdate=2009-07-20|date=2009-07-20|last=Singh|first=Anita}}</ref>
 
Though not always considered a companion, [[Brigadier Lethbridge-Stewart]] was a recurring character in the original series, making his first appearance alongside the Second Doctor and his final alongside the Seventh. The actor [[Nicholas Courtney]] who portrayed the Brigadier had previously also starred as Bret Vyon alongside first Doctor William Hartnell in the 12-part ''[[The Daleks' Master Plan]]'', and he appeared on television with every Doctor of the classic series except Colin Baker, but appears with the Sixth Doctor in the charity crossover special ''[[Dimensions in Time]]'' and in audio adventures from [[Big Finish Productions]]. Lethbridge-Stewart, still played by Courtney, appeared in ''[[Enemy of the Bane]]'', a two-part episode of ''[[The Sarah Jane Adventures]]'' spinoff in 2008, more than 40 years after the character was first introduced, making him the longest-serving ongoing character in the franchise beyond the Doctor himself. He and [[UNIT]] appeared regularly during the Third Doctor's tenure, and UNIT has continued to appear or be referred to in the revival of the show and its spin-offs.
 
==Adversaries==
{{See also|List of Doctor Who monsters and aliens|List of Doctor Who villains}}
[[File:Dalek - Dr Who.jpg|thumb|The [[Dalek]]s are perhaps the best-known adversaries faced by the Doctor.]]
When Sydney Newman commissioned the series, he specifically did not want to perpetuate the cliché of the "bug-eyed monster" of science fiction.<ref>{{cite news |title=Doctor Who (before the Tardis) |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/magazine/7736130.stm |work= BBC Magazine |date=19 November 2008 |accessdate=3 January 2009}}</ref> However, [[list of Doctor Who monsters and aliens|monsters]] were a staple of ''Doctor Who'' almost from the beginning and were popular with audiences. Notable adversaries of the Doctor from the series' initial 26-year run include the [[Auton]]s, the [[Cyberman|Cybermen]], the [[Sontaran]]s, the [[Sea Devil (Doctor Who)|Sea Devils]], the [[Silurian (Doctor Who)|Silurians]], the [[Ice Warrior]]s, the [[Rani (Doctor Who)|Rani]], the [[Yeti (Doctor Who)|Yeti]], [[Davros]] (the creator of the Daleks), [[Master (Doctor Who)|the Master]] (a Time Lord with a thirst for universal conquest), and, most notably, the [[Dalek]]s. This continued with the resurrection of the series in 2005.
 
Current executive producer, Russell T. Davies, stated that it had always been his intention to bring back classic [[Cultural icon|icons]] of ''Doctor Who'' one step at a time: the Autons and the Daleks in series 1, Cybermen in series 2, the Master in series 3, the Sontarans and Davros in series 4. He also stated that he was not finished and would continue reviving villains from the series' past.<ref name="Confidential">{{cite web
| url = http://www.bbc.co.uk/mediaselector/check/doctorwho/ram/312_vodcast?size=16x9&bgc=CC0000&nbram=1&bbram=1&nbwm=1&bbwm=1
| title = Doctor Who Confidential: The Saxon Mystery
| date = 2007-06-23
| accessdate = 2007-07-09
| publisher = [[BBC News]]}}</ref> Since its 2005 return, the series has also introduced new aliens, including the [[Slitheen]], the [[Ood]] and the [[Judoon]].
 
===Daleks===
{{main|Dalek}}
Of all the monsters and villains, the ones that have most secured the series' place in the public's imagination are the [[Dalek]]s, who first appeared in 1963 and were the series' very first "monster". The Daleks are [[Kaled]] mutants in tank-like mechanical armour shells from the planet [[Skaro]]. Their chief role in the great scheme of things, as they frequently remark in their instantly recognisable metallic voices, is to "Exterminate!" all beings inferior to themselves, even destroying the [[Time Lord]]s in the often referred to but never shown [[Time War (Doctor Who)|Time War]]. [[Davros]], the Daleks' creator, became a recurring villain after he was introduced in ''[[Genesis of the Daleks]]'', in which the Time Lords send the Doctor back to destroy the Daleks, avert their creation, or tamper with their genetic structure to make them less warlike. Davros has been played by [[Michael Wisher]] (first introduced in ''Genesis of the Daleks''), [[David Gooderson]] (''[[Destiny of the Daleks]]''), and [[Terry Molloy]]. Davros returned to ''Doctor Who''  portrayed by [[Julian Bleach]] in the 2008 episodes "[[The Stolen Earth]]" and "[[Journey's End (Doctor Who)|Journey's End]]".
 
The Daleks were created by writer [[Terry Nation]] (who intended them as an [[allegory]] of the [[Nazism|Nazis]])<ref>{{ cite web | url = http://www.museum.tv/archives/etv/N/htmlN/nationterry/nationterry.htm | title = NATION, TERRY | accessdate = 2008-05-19}}</ref> and BBC designer [[Raymond Cusick]]. The Daleks' début in the programme's second serial, ''[[The Daleks]]'' (1963–64), caused a tremendous reaction in the viewing figures and the public, putting ''Doctor Who'' on the cultural map. A Dalek appeared on a postage stamp celebrating British popular culture in 1999, photographed by [[Antony Armstrong-Jones, 1st Earl of Snowdon|Lord Snowdon]].
 
===Cybermen===
{{main|Cybermen}}
Cybermen were originally a wholly organic species of humanoids originating on Earth's [[Counter-Earth|twin planet]] Mondas that began to implant more and more artificial parts into their bodies. This led to the race becoming coldly logical and calculating, with emotions usually only shown when naked aggression was called for. The 2006 series introduced a totally new variation of Cybermen created in a parallel universe by transplanting the brains of humans into powerful metal bodies, sending them orders using a [[Cellular network|mobile phone network]], and inhibiting their emotions with an electronic chip.
 
===The Master===
{{main|Master (Doctor Who)}}
[[Master (Doctor Who)|The Master]] is a renegade [[Time Lord]], and the Doctor's nemesis. Conceived as "[[Professor Moriarty]] to the Doctor's [[Sherlock Holmes]],"<ref>''Doctor Who Magazine Special Edition'' #2, 5 September 2002, [subtitled ''The Complete Third Doctor''], page 14)</ref> the character first appeared in 1971. As with the Doctor, the role has been portrayed by several actors, the first being [[Roger Delgado]] who continued in the role until his death in 1973.  The Master was briefly played by [[Peter Pratt]] and [[Geoffrey Beevers]] until [[Anthony Ainley]] took over and continued to play the character until Doctor Who's "hiatus" in 1989. The Master returned in the 1996 television movie of ''[[Doctor Who (1996 film)|Doctor Who]]'', played by [[Eric Roberts]], and in the three-part finale of the 2007 series, portrayed by [[Derek Jacobi]] and then [[John Simm]] at the conclusion of the episode "[[Utopia (Doctor Who)|Utopia]]". It has been confirmed that Simm will reprise his role as The Master in the 2009 specials.<ref>http://www.bbc.co.uk/doctorwho/s4/news/090728_news_02</ref>
 
==Music==
===Theme music===
{{main|Doctor Who theme music}}
{{Listen|filename=Doctor Who theme excerpt.ogg|title=Doctor Who theme excerpt|description=An excerpt from the classic theme music to ''Doctor Who''}}
 
The original 1963 [[BBC Radiophonic Workshop|radiophonic]] arrangement of the ''Doctor Who'' theme is widely regarded as a significant and innovative piece of electronic music, and ''Doctor Who'' was the first television series in the world to have a theme entirely realised through electronic means.
 
The original theme was composed by [[Ron Grainer]] and realised by [[Delia Derbyshire]] at the [[BBC Radiophonic Workshop]], with assistance from [[Dick Mills]]. The various parts were built up by creating [[tape loop]]s of an individually struck piano string and individual test [[Oscillation|oscillator]]s and filters. The Derbyshire arrangement served, with minor edits, as the theme tune up to the end of [[List of Doctor Who serials#Season 17 (1979-80)|Season 17]] (1979–80).
 
A more modern and dynamic arrangement was composed by [[Peter Howell]] for [[List of Doctor Who serials#Season 18 (1980-81)|Season 18]] (1980), which was in turn replaced by [[Dominic Glynn]]'s arrangement for Season 23's ''[[The Trial of a Time Lord]]'' (1986). [[Keff McCulloch]] provided the new arrangement for the [[Seventh Doctor]]'s era which lasted from [[List of Doctor Who serials#Season 24 (1987)|Season 24]] (1987) until the series' suspension in 1989. For the return of the series in 2005, [[Murray Gold]] provided a new arrangement which featured samples from the 1963 original with further elements added; in the 2005 Christmas episode "[[The Christmas Invasion]]", Gold introduced a modified closing credits arrangement that was used up until the conclusion of the 2007 series.
 
A new arrangement of the theme, once again by Gold, was introduced in the 2007 Christmas special episode, "[[Voyage of the Damned (Doctor Who)|Voyage of the Damned]]".
 
Versions of the "Doctor Who Theme" have also been released in a [[pop music]] venue over the years. In the early 1970s, [[Jon Pertwee]], who had played the [[Third Doctor]], recorded a version of the Doctor Who theme with spoken lyrics, titled, "Who Is the Doctor". In 1988 the band The Justified Ancients of Mu Mu (later known as [[The KLF]]) released the single "[[Doctorin' the Tardis]]" under the name The Timelords, which reached No. 1 in the UK and No. 2 in Australia; this version incorporated several other songs, including "Rock and Roll Part 2" by [[Gary Glitter]] (who recorded vocals for some of the CD-single remix versions of "Doctorin' the Tardis").<ref name="guardianmusic">{{cite web |url=http://blogs.guardian.co.uk/music/2008/07/doctor_who_a_musical_force.html |title=Doctor Who: a musical force? |accessdate=2008-07-07 |last=Peel |first=Ian |date=2008-07-07 |work=[[The Guardian]] |publisher=blog}}</ref> Others who have covered or reinterpreted the theme include [[Orbital (band)|Orbital]],<ref name="guardianmusic" /> [[Pink Floyd]],<ref name="guardianmusic" /> the Australian string ensemble [[FourPlay Electric String Quartet|Fourplay]], New Zealand punk band [[Blam Blam Blam]], [[The Pogues]], and the comedians [[Bill Bailey]] and [[Mitch Benn]], and it and obsessive fans were satirised on ''[[The Chaser's War on Everything]]''. A reggae/ska version of the Doctor Who theme tune was released on the Explosion label in 1969 by Bongo Herman and Les. The theme tune has also appeared on many compilation CDs and has made its way into [[mobile phone]] ring tones. Fans have also produced and distributed their own remixes of the theme.
 
===Incidental music===
{{main|List of music featured on Doctor Who}}
Most of the innovative incidental music for ''Doctor Who'' has been specially commissioned from freelance composers, although in the early years some episodes also used [[Royalty free music|stock music]], as well as occasional excerpts from original recordings or [[cover version]]s of songs by popular music acts such as [[The Beatles]] and [[The Beach Boys]]. Since its 2005 return, the series has featured occasional use of excerpts of pop music from the 1970s, 1980s, 1990s and early 2000s.
 
The incidental music for the first ''Doctor Who'' adventure, ''An Unearthly Child'', was written by [[Norman Kay (composer)|Norman Kay]]. Many of the stories of the [[William Hartnell]] period were scored by electronic music pioneer [[Tristram Cary]], whose ''Doctor Who'' credits include ''The Daleks'', ''[[Marco Polo (Doctor Who)|Marco Polo]]'', ''The Daleks' Master Plan'', ''The Gunfighters'' and ''[[The Mutants]]''. Other composers in this early period included [[Richard Rodney Bennett]], [[Carey Blyton]] and [[Geoffrey Burgon]].
 
The most frequent musical contributor during the first fifteen years was [[Dudley Simpson]], who is also well known for his theme and incidental music for ''[[Blake's 7]]'', and for his haunting theme music and score for the original 1970s version of ''[[The Tomorrow People]]''. Simpson's first ''Doctor Who'' score was ''[[Planet of Giants]]'' (1964) and he went on to write music for many adventures of the 1960s and 1970s, including most of the stories of the Jon Pertwee / Tom Baker periods, ending with ''[[The Horns of Nimon]]'' (1979). He also made a [[cameo appearance]] in ''The Talons of Weng-Chiang'' (as a [[Music hall]] conductor).
 
Beginning with ''[[The Leisure Hive]]'' (1980), the task of creating incidental music was assigned to the Radiophonic Workshop. [[Paddy Kingsland]] and [[Peter Howell]] contributed many scores in this period and other contributors included [[Roger Limb]], [[Malcolm Clarke]] and [[Jonathan Gibbs (composer)|Jonathan Gibbs]].
 
The Radiophonic Workshop was dropped after the ''[[The Trial of a Time Lord]]'' season, and [[Keff McCulloch]] took over as the series' main composer, with [[Dominic Glynn]] and [[Mark Ayres]] also contributing scores.
 
All the incidental music for the 2005 revived series has been composed by Murray Gold and Ben Foster and has been performed by the BBC National Orchestra of Wales from the 2005 Christmas episode ''The Christmas Invasion'' onwards. A concert featuring the orchestra performing music from the first two series took place on 19 November 2006 to raise money for [[Children in Need]]. [[David Tennant]] hosted the event, introducing the different sections of the concert. [[Murray Gold]] and [[Russell T Davies]] answered questions during the interval and [[Dalek]]s and [[Cyberman|Cybermen]] menaced the audience whilst music from their stories was played. The concert aired on [[BBC Red Button|BBCi]] on Christmas Day 2006.  A [[Doctor Who Prom]] was celebrated on 27 July 2008 in the [[Royal Albert Hall]] as part of the annual [[BBC Proms]]. The BBC Philharmonic and the London Philharmonic Choir performed Murray Gold's compositions for the series, conducted by Ben Foster, as well as a selection of classics based around the theme of space and time. The event was presented by [[Freema Agyeman]] and guest-presented by various other stars of the show with numerous monsters participating in the proceedings. It also featured  the specially filmed mini-episode [[Music of the Spheres (Doctor Who)|Music of the Spheres]], written by Russell T Davies and starring David Tennant.<ref>{{cite web
| year = 2008-07-27
| url = http://www.bbc.co.uk/proms/2008/whatson/2707.shtml
| title = BBC Prom 27 July 2008
| publisher = [[bbc.co.uk]]
| accessdate = 2008-09-29
}}</ref>
 
Three soundtrack releases since 2005 have been released - the [[Doctor Who: Original Television Soundtrack|first]] featured tracks from the first two series,<ref>{{cite web
| year = 2006-07-17
| url = http://www.bbc.co.uk/doctorwho/news/cult/news/drwho/2006/07/17/33953.shtml
| title = Who soundtrack soon
| publisher = [[bbc.co.uk]]
| accessdate = 2006-08-04
}}<br>{{cite web
|year =2006-11-01
| url = http://web.archive.org/web/20061212205542/http://www.silvascreen.co.uk/news.htm
| title = Silva Screen announces Doctor Who CD release date
| published = [[silvascreen.co.uk]]
| accessdate = 2006-12-04
}}</ref> while the [[Doctor Who: Original Television Soundtrack - Series 3|second]] and [[Doctor Who: Original Television Soundtrack - Series 4|third]] featured music from the third and fourth series respectively. See [[List of Doctor Who music releases]] for other soundtrack releases.
 
===Special sound===
''Doctor Who'''s science-fiction themes and settings meant that many sound effects had to be specially created for the series, although some common sound effects (such as crowds, horses and jungle noises) were sourced from stock recordings. Because ''Doctor Who'' began several years before the advent of the first mass-produced [[synthesizer|synthesisers]], much of the equipment used to create electronic sound effects in the early days was custom-built by the BBC Radiophonic Workshop and until the early 1970s audio effects were produced using a combination of electronic and [[BBC Radiophonic Workshop|radiophonic]] techniques.
 
Almost all of the original sound effects and audio backgrounds during the 1960s were overseen by the Radiophonic Workshop's [[Brian Hodgson]], who worked on ''Doctor Who'' from its inception until the middle of Jon Pertwee's tenure in the early 1970s, when he was succeeded by [[Dick Mills]]. Hodgson created hundreds of pieces of "special sound" ranging from ray-gun blasts to dinosaurs, but without doubt his best known sound effects are the sound of the TARDIS as it de-materialises and re-appears, and the voices of the [[Dalek]]s.
 
The basic audio source Hodgson used for the TARDIS effect was the sound of his house keys being scraped up and down along the strings of an old gutted piano, and played backwards. The famous Dalek voice effect was obtained by passing the actors' voices through a device called a [[Ring modulation|ring modulator]], and it was further enhanced by exploiting the [[distortion]] inherent in the microphones and amplifiers then in use. However, the precise sonic character of the Daleks' voices varied somewhat over time because the original frequency settings used on the ring modulator were never noted down.
 
==Viewership==
===UK===
{{Main|Doctor Who fandom}}
[[File:TARDIS.jpg|right|thumb|180px|The image of the [[TARDIS]] is iconic in British popular culture.]]
Premiering the day after the assassination of President Kennedy, the first episode of ''Doctor Who'' was repeated with the second episode the following week. ''Doctor Who'' has always appeared initially on the BBC's mainstream [[BBC One]] channel, where it is regarded as a family show, drawing audiences of many millions of viewers; episodes are now repeated on [[BBC Three]]. The programme's popularity has waxed and waned over the decades, with three notable periods of high ratings.<ref name="ratings chart">{{cite news |first=Matt |last=Hilton |title=Doctor Who - Top Chart Placing - 1963–2008 |url=http://www.gallifreyone.com/picview.php?ret=news&sub=news&id=season4_final_4.jpg |work=Doctor Who News Page |publisher=[[Outpost Gallifrey]] |date=2008-07-16 |accessdate=2008-07-16 }}; {{cite web |url=http://www.gallifreyone.com/picview.php?ret=news&sub=news&id=2007_ratings.jpg |title=Doctor Who Top Ratings: 1963–2007 |accessdate=2008-07-17 |last=Matt |first=Hilton |date=2008-01-11 |work=Doctor Who News Page |publisher=[[Outpost Gallifrey]]}}</ref>  The first of these was the "[[Dalekmania]]" period (circa 1964–1965), when the popularity of the Daleks regularly brought ''Doctor Who'' ratings of between 9 and 14 million, even for stories which did not feature them.<ref name="ratings chart" /><ref>{{cite news
| first = Douglas
| last = Marlborough
| title = Dead, but they won't lie down
| url = http://www.cuttingsarchive.org.uk/news_mag/1960s/cuttings/dead.htm
| format = Reprint, hosted on Doctor Who Cuttings Archive
| work = [[Daily Mail]]
| location = London
| date = 1964-12-28
| accessdate = 2008-07-16
}}</ref> The second was the late 1970s, when Tom Baker occasionally drew audiences of over 12 million.<ref name="ratings chart" /> During the [[ITV]] network strike of 1979, viewership peaked at 16 million. Figures remained respectable into the 1980s, but fell noticeably after the programme's 23rd season was postponed in 1985 and the show was off the air for 18 months. Its late 1980s performance of three to five million viewers was seen as poor at the time and was, according to the BBC Board of Control, a leading cause of the programme's 1989 suspension. Some fans considered this disingenuous, since the programme was scheduled against the [[soap opera]] ''[[Coronation Street]]'', the most popular show at the time. After the series' revival in 2005 (the third noteworthy period of high ratings), it has consistently had high viewership levels for the evening on which the episode is broadcast.<ref name="ratings chart" /> The BBC One broadcast of "[[Rose (Doctor Who)|Rose]]", the first episode of the 2005 revival, drew an average audience of 10.81 million, third highest for BBC One that week and seventh across all channels. The largest audience for an episode of ''Doctor Who'' since its revival was achieved by the 2007 Christmas special "[[Voyage of the Damned (Doctor Who)|Voyage Of The Damned]]", which received 13.31 million viewers, a feat which also made it the second most watched show of the year.  The highest weekly chart ranking is first, for the 2008 series finale "[[Journey's End (Doctor Who)|Journey's End]]", which was watched by 10.57 million viewers.<ref name="ratings chart" /><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.barb.co.uk/viewingsummary/weekreports.cfm?report=weeklyterrestrial&requesttimeout=500 |title=Weekly Viewing Summary: Terrestrial Top 30 - Week ending 6 July 2008 |accessdate=2008-07-16 |publisher=[[Broadcasters' Audience Research Board]] |date=2008-07-16 }}<br>{{cite web |url=http://www.gallifreyone.com/cgi-bin/viewnews.cgi?id=EkEykpAEuAeSoAAghE&tmpl=newsrss&style=feedstyle |title=Journey's End: Officially Number One |accessdate=2008-07-16 |last=Hilton |first=Matt |date=2008-07-16 |work=Doctor Who News Page |publisher=[[Outpost Gallifrey]]}}</ref> The current revival also garners the highest audience [[Appreciation Index]] of any non-[[soap opera|soap]] drama on television.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://blogs.thestage.co.uk/tvtoday/2007/11/these-scifi-people-vote/ | title=“These sci-fi people vote” | last=Wright |first=Mark |authorlink=Mark Wright (writer) | publisher=[[The Stage]] | date=1 November 2007 | accessdate=9 April 2009}}</ref> Its continued viewership has resulted in becoming part of the UK's popular culture.
 
===International===
The series also has a fan base in the United States, where it was shown in syndication from the 1970s to the 1990s, particularly on [[Public Broadcasting Service|PBS]] stations (see [[Doctor Who in North America]]). New Zealand was the first country outside the UK to screen ''Doctor Who'' beginning in September 1964, and continued to screen the series for many years, including the new series from 2005. In Canada, the series debuted in January 1965, but the CBC only aired the first twenty-six episodes. [[TVOntario]] picked up the show in 1976 beginning with ''[[The Three Doctors (Doctor Who)|The Three Doctors]]'' and aired it through to Season 24 in 1991. TVO's schedule ran several years behind the BBC's throughout this period. From 1979 to 1981, TVO airings were bookended by science-fiction writer [[Judith Merril]] who would introduce the episode and then, after the episode concluded, try to place it in an educational context in keeping with TVO's status as an educational channel. The airing of ''[[The Talons of Weng-Chiang]]'' resulted in controversy for TVOntario as a result of accusations that the story was [[racism|racist]]. Consequently the story was not rebroadcast. CBC began showing the series again in 2005. The series moved to the Canadian cable channel [[Space (TV channel)|Space]] in 2009.
 
A fan base exists in Australia, where it has been exclusively first run on [[ABC1]], and periodically repeated - including screening all available episodes for the show's 40th anniversary in 2003.  Repeats have also been shown on the subscription television channel [[UK.TV]].  The [[Australian Broadcasting Corporation|ABC]] also broadcasts the first run of the revived series, on [[ABC1]], with repeats on [[ABC2]].  [[UK.TV]] also shows repeats of the revived series.  The ABC also provided partial funding for the 20th anniversary special episode "The Five Doctors".
 
Only four episodes have ever had their premiere showings on channels other than BBC One. The 1983 twentieth anniversary special "[[The Five Doctors]]" had its début on 23 November (the actual date of the anniversary) on various PBS members two days prior to its BBC One broadcast. The 1988 story ''[[Silver Nemesis]]'' was broadcast with all three episodes edited together in compilation form on [[Television New Zealand|TVNZ]] in New Zealand in November, after the first episode had been shown in the UK but before the final two instalments had aired there. Finally, the 1996 television film premièred on 12 May 1996 on [[CITV-TV|CITV]] in [[Edmonton]], Canada, fifteen days before the BBC One showing, and two days before it aired on [[Fox Broadcasting Company|Fox]] in the US.
 
A wide selection of serials is available from BBC Video on [[VHS]] and [[DVD]], on sale in the United Kingdom, Australia, and the United States. Every fully extant serial has been released on VHS, and BBC Worldwide continues to regularly release serials on DVD. The 2005 series is also available in its entirety on [[Universal Media Disc|UMD]] for the [[PlayStation Portable]].
 
As of July 2008, the revived series has been, or is currently, broadcast weekly in 42 countries,<ref>{{cite news |first=Gavin |last=O'Connor |title=How the Daleks invaded Earth |url=http://www.walesonline.co.uk/news/wales-news/2008/07/13/how-the-daleks-invaded-earth-91466-21331115/ |work=[[Wales on Sunday]] |date=2008-07-13 |accessdate=2008-07-17 }}</ref> including Argentina ([[People+Arts]]), Australia ([[ABC1]]), Austria ([[ProSieben|Pro 7]]), Belgium ([[Één]]), Brazil (People+Arts), Canada ([[CBC Television|CBC]] (in English) and [[Ztélé]] (in French)), Catalonia ([[TV3 (Catalonia)|TV3]] and [[BBC Entertainment]]), Croatia ([[Croatian Radiotelevision]]), Denmark ([[Danmarks Radio]]), Finland ([[YLE TV2|TV2]]), France ([[France 4]]), Germany ([[ProSieben|Pro 7]] and [[Sci Fi Channel (Germany)|Sci Fi Channel]]), Hong Kong ([[Asia Television Limited|ATV World]] and [[BBC Entertainment]]), Hungary ([[RTL Klub]]-owned COOL TV), Iceland ([[RÚV]]), Ireland ([[TV3 Ireland|TV3]]), Israel ([[yes stars Action]], [[AXN]] and [[BBC Prime]]), Italy ([[Jimmy (TV channel)|Jimmy]]), Japan ([[NHK BS2]]), Malaysia ([[Astro (satellite TV)|Astro Network]]), the Netherlands ([[Nederland 3|NED 3]]), New Zealand ([[Prime Television New Zealand|Prime TV]]), Norway ([[Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation|NRK]]), Poland ([[TVP1]]), Portugal ([[People+Arts]], [[SIC Radical]]), Romania ([[Romanian Television|TVR]]), Russia ([[STS (Russia)|STS TV]]), Serbia ([[B92]]), Slovenia ([[RTV Slovenia]]), Spain ([[People+Arts]] [first run], [[Sci Fi (Spain)|Sci Fi Channel]] [second run, new dubbing]), Latin America ([[People+Arts]]), South Korea ([[Korean Broadcasting System|KBS2]] (dubbed in Korean) and [[Fox Broadcasting Company|Fox]] (subtitled in Korean)), Sweden ([[Sveriges Television|SVT]]), Switzerland ([[ProSieben|Pro 7]]), Thailand ([[BBTV Channel 7|Channel 7]]), Turkey ([[Cine5]] and [[CNBC-e]]), the United States ([[Syfy]]) [first run], public television [second run] and [[BBC America]] [second run]), Greece ([[Skai TV]]), [[Style UK]] (part of [[Showtime Arabia]]) for the Middle East, North Africa and the [[Levant]] territories. ''Doctor Who'' is one of the five top grossing titles for [[BBC Worldwide]], the BBC's commercial arm.<ref>{{cite news |first=Mark |last=Sweney |title=Profits grow at BBC Worldwide |url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/media/2008/jul/08/bbc.television2 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=2008-07-08 |accessdate=2008-07-08 }}</ref> BBC Worldwide CEO [[John Smith (BBC executive)|John Smith]]<!--Yes, really--> has said that ''Doctor Who'' is one of a small number of "Superbrands" which Worldwide will promote heavily.<ref>{{cite news |first=Gavin |last=O'Connor |title=Daleks speak to all nations |url=http://www.walesonline.co.uk/news/wales-news/2008/07/13/daleks-speak-to-all-nations-91466-21331585/ |work=[[Wales on Sunday]] |date=2008-07-13 |accessdate=2008-07-13 }}</ref>
 
A special logo has been designed for the Japanese broadcast with the [[katakana]] "ドクター・フー" ([[Romanization of Japanese|romanised]] as ''Dokutaa Fuu'').<ref>{{cite web
|title=Turning Japanese
|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/doctorwho/news/cult/news/drwho/2006/06/30/33368.shtml
|date=30 June 2006}} Although ''Fuu'' is an accurate romanisation of the Japanese name, the Japanese version of the programme also employs the English name alongside the Japanese equivalent. Additionally, many speakers will [[Japanese phonology#Palatalization and affrication|pronounce ''Fuu'' as ''Huu'']]. See also NHK's ''Doctor Who'' [http://www3.nhk.or.jp/kaigai/doctorwho website].</ref> The series has apparently "mystified" viewers in Japan where it has been broadcast in a late evening time slot, leading to some not realising it is a family show.<ref>{{Citation
| last = Clements
| first = Jonathan
| author-link = Jonathan Clements
| title = Anime Pulse: Soundalikes
| magazine = [[Neo (magazine)|NEO]]
| issue = 30
| pages = 20
|date=March 2007}}</ref>
 
The series one episodes aired in Canada a couple of weeks after their UK broadcast, a situation made possible by the [[2004–05 NHL lockout]] which left vast gaps in CBC's schedule. For the Canadian broadcast, Christopher Eccleston recorded special video introductions for each episode (including a trivia question as part of a viewer contest) and excerpts from the ''Doctor Who Confidential'' documentary were played over the closing credits; for the broadcast of "[[The Christmas Invasion]]" on 26 December 2005, [[Billie Piper]] recorded a special video introduction. CBC began airing series two on 9 October 2006 at 20:00 E/P (20:30 in Newfoundland and Labrador), shortly after that day's [[Canadian Football League|CFL]] double header on [[Thanksgiving (Canada)|Thanksgiving]] in most of the country.
 
Series three began broadcasting on BBC One in the United Kingdom on 31 March 2007. It began broadcasting on CBC on 18 June 2007 followed by the second Christmas special, "[[The Runaway Bride (Doctor Who)|The Runaway Bride]]" at midnight,<ref name="RB">{{cite web |url=http://www.cbc.ca/doctorwho/ |title=Canada: Runaway Bride and Series Three on CBC |work=CBC.ca |accessdate=2007-06-09}}</ref> and the Sci Fi Channel began on 6 July 2007 starting with the second Christmas special at 8:00 pm E/P followed by the first episode.<ref name="S3">{{cite web |url=http://www.scifi.com/schedulebot/index.php3?date=6-JUL-2007&feed_req= |title=Sci Fi On Air Schedule |work=Scifi.com |accessdate=2007-06-09}}</ref>
 
Series four aired in the U.S. on the Sci Fi Channel (now known as [[Syfy]]), beginning in April 2008.<ref name="S4USA">{{cite web|url=http://www.zap2it.com/tv/news/zap-doctorwhoseason4scifi,0,6573489.story|title='Doctor Who' Season Four, 'Sarah Jane' Travel to Sci Fi|work=Zap2it|accessdate=2008-02-04}}</ref>  It aired on CBC beginning 19 September 2008, although the CBC did not air the ''Voyage of the Damned'' special.<ref name="s4Canada">{{cite web|url=http://www.dwin.org/article.php?sid=242|title=Series Four Starts 19 September on CBC|work=www.dwin.org|accessdate=2008-05-22}}</ref> The Canadian cable network [[Space (TV channel)|Space]] broadcast "The Next Doctor" in March 2009 and will broadcast the subsequent specials and season five.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.spacecast.com/shows/doctorwho.aspx|title=Doctor Who: The Next Doctor|work=Spacecast.com|accessdate=2009-03-05}}</ref>
 
==Adaptations and other appearances==
===Dr. Who movies===
{{main|Dr. Who (Dalek films)}}
There are two "Dr. Who" cinema films: ''[[Dr. Who and the Daleks]]'', released in 1965 and ''[[Daleks' Invasion Earth: 2150 A.D.]]'' in 1966. Both are retellings of existing TV stories (specifically, the first two Dalek serials) on the big screen, with a larger budget and alterations to the series concept.
 
In these [[Dr. Who (Dalek films)|films]], [[Peter Cushing]] plays a human scientist named "Dr. Who", who travels with his two granddaughters and other companions in a time machine he has invented. The [[Dr. Who (Dalek films)#Other appearances|Cushing version]] of the character reappears in both comic strip and literary form, the latter attempting to reconcile the film continuity with that of the series.
 
In addition, a number of planned films were proposed including a sequel, ''The Chase'', loosely based on the [[The Chase (Doctor Who)|original series story]] (the third to feature the Daleks), for the Cushing Doctor, plus many attempted television movie and big screen productions to revive the original Doctor Who, after the original series was cancelled. (See [[List of unmade Doctor Who serials and films#Proposed films|List of proposed Doctor Who films]])
 
{{As of|2009|5}}, [[BBC Films]] has a script for a new ''Doctor Who'' film in [[development (film)|development]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Tennant to appear in Who spin-off |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/8068435.stm |publisher=[[BBC News]] |date=26 May 2009 |accessdate=27 May 2009}}</ref>
 
===Spin-offs===
{{main|Doctor Who spin-offs}}
''Doctor Who'' has appeared on stage numerous times. In the early 1970s, [[Trevor Martin]] played the role in ''[[Doctor Who and the Daleks in the Seven Keys to Doomsday]]'' which also featured former companion actress [[Wendy Padbury]] (Pertwee's Doctor made a cameo appearance via film). In the late 1980s, Jon Pertwee and Colin Baker both played the Doctor at different times during the run of a play titled ''[[Doctor Who - The Ultimate Adventure]]''. For two performances while Pertwee was ill, [[David Banks]] (best known for playing various [[Cyberman|Cybermen]]) played the Doctor. Other original plays have been staged as amateur productions, with other actors playing the Doctor, while [[Terry Nation]] wrote ''[[The Curse of the Daleks]]'', a stage play mounted in the late 1960s, but without the Doctor.
 
A pilot episode ("[[K-9 and Company#.22A_Girl.27s_Best_Friend.22|A Girl's Best Friend]]") for a potential spin-off series, ''[[K-9 and Company]]'', was aired in 1981 with [[Elisabeth Sladen]] reprising her role as companion [[Sarah Jane Smith]] and [[John Leeson]] as the voice of [[K-9 (Doctor Who)|K-9]], but was not picked up as a regular series.
 
Concept art for an animated ''Doctor Who'' series was produced by animation company [[Nelvana]] in the 1980s, but the series was not produced.<ref>{{cite book
  | last = Lofficier
  | first = Jean-Marc
  | authorlink = Jean-Marc Lofficier
  | title = The Nth Doctor
  | publisher = [[Virgin Publishing]]
  | location = London
  | year = 1997
  | pages = 9
  | isbn = 0-426-20499-9 }}<br/>{{cite video
|people    = Bailey, Shaun (Producer); Kalangis, Johnny (Director)
|year2      = 2005
|title      = The Planet of the Doctor, Part 6: Doctor Who & Culture II
|url        = http://www.cbc.ca/planetofthedoctor/videos.html#
|format    = [[QuickTime]] or [[Windows Media]]
|medium    = Documentary
|publisher  = [[CBC Television]]
|location  = Toronto
|accessdate = 9 April 2009
}}<br/>{{Cite web|url=http://www.cbc.ca/planetofthedoctor/tb_gallery.html|title=Planet of the Doctor|accessdate=9 April 2009|publisher=[[CBC Television]]}}</ref>
 
The Doctor has also appeared in webcasts and in audio plays; prominent among the latter were those produced by [[Big Finish Productions]] from 1999 onwards, who were responsible for a [[List of Doctor Who audio plays by Big Finish|range of audio plays]] released on CD, as well as 2006's eight-part [[BBC 7]] series starring [[Paul McGann]].
 
Following the success of the 2005 series produced by Russell T Davies, the BBC commissioned Davies to produce a 13-part spin-off series titled ''[[Torchwood]]'' (an [[anagram]] of "Doctor Who"), set in modern-day [[Cardiff]] and investigating alien activities and crime. The series debuted on [[BBC Three]] on 22 October 2006.<ref>{{cite book |title=Inside the Hub |last=Walker |first=Stephen James |authorlink=Stephen James Walker |year=2007 |publisher=[[Telos Publishing]] |location=[[Tolworth]], [[Surrey]] |isbn=978-1-84583-013-7 |page=101}}</ref> [[John Barrowman]] reprised his role of [[Jack Harkness]] from the 2005 series of ''Doctor Who''.<ref>{{cite news
  | url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/wales/4349120.stm
  | title=Doctor Who spin-off made in Wales
  | publisher=[[BBC News]]
  |date=2005-10-17
  | accessdate=2006-04-24
}}</ref> Two other actresses who appeared in Doctor Who also star in the series; [[Eve Myles]] as [[Gwen Cooper]], who also played the similarly named servant girl Gwyneth in the 2005 ''Doctor Who'' episode "[[The Unquiet Dead]]",<ref>{{cite web
| year =2006-02-24
| url =http://www.bbc.co.uk/doctorwho/news/cult/news/drwho/2006/02/24/29846.shtml
| title =Team Torchwood
| publisher =[[bbc.co.uk]]
| accessdate =2006-04-24
}}</ref> and [[Naoko Mori]] who reprised her role as [[Toshiko Sato]] first seen in "[[Aliens of London]]".  A second series of ''Torchwood'' aired in 2008; for three episodes, the cast was joined by Freema Agyeman reprising her ''Doctor Who'' role of Martha Jones. A third season was broadcast from 6 to 10 July 2009, and consisted of a single five-part story called ''Children of Earth''.
 
''[[The Sarah Jane Adventures]]'', starring Elisabeth Sladen who reprises her role as Sarah Jane Smith, has been developed by [[CBBC]]; a special aired on New Year's Day 2007 and a full series began on Monday, 24 September 2007.<ref>{{cite press release
| title =Russell T Davies creates new series for CBBC, starring Doctor Who's Sarah Jane Smith
| publisher =[[BBC]]
|date=2006-09-14
| url =http://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/pressreleases/stories/2006/09_september/14/sarah.shtml
| accessdate =2006-09-14 }}</ref> A second season followed in 2008, notable for (as noted above) featuring the return of Brigadier Lethbridge-Stewart. In the autumn of 2008 the BBC announced it had commissioned a third season to air in the autumn of 2009.
 
An animated serial, ''[[The Infinite Quest]]'', aired alongside the 2007 series of ''Doctor Who'' as part of the children's television series ''[[Totally Doctor Who]]''. The serial featured the voices of series regulars [[David Tennant]] and [[Freema Agyeman]] but is not considered part of the 2007 season.<ref name="cartoon_bbc">{{cite news
|title=Who's a Toon?
|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/doctorwho/news/cult/news/drwho/2007/01/26/40315.shtml
|date=2007-01-26
|accessdate=2007-01-26
|work=BBC ''Doctor Who'' website
}}</ref>
 
A new K-9 children's series, ''[[K-9 (TV series)|K-9]]'', is in development, but not by the BBC. It is currently scheduled to air beginning in 2010.<ref>{{cite web
| year =2006-04-26
| url =http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/4939144.stm
| title =Doctor Who dog K9 gets spin-off
| publisher =[[BBC News]]
| accessdate =2006-07-26
}}</ref>
 
===Charity episodes===
In 1983, coinciding with the series' 20th anniversary, a charity special entitled ''[[The Five Doctors]]'' was produced in aid of [[Children in Need]], featuring three of the first five Doctors, a new actor to replace the deceased William Hartnell, and unused footage to represent Tom Baker. This was a full-length, 90-minute film, the longest single episode of ''Doctor Who'' produced to date (discounting the 1996 made-for-TV film, which ran a few minutes longer with commercial breaks not included).
 
In 1993, for the franchise's 30th anniversary, another charity special entitled "[[Dimensions in Time]]" was produced for Children in Need, featuring all of the surviving actors who played the Doctor and a number of previous companions. Not taken seriously by many, the story had the [[Rani (Doctor Who)|Rani]] opening a hole in time, cycling the Doctor and his companions through his previous incarnations and menacing them with monsters from the show's past. It also featured a crossover with the soap opera ''[[EastEnders]]'', the action taking place in the latter's [[Albert Square]] location and around [[Greenwich]], including the ''[[Cutty Sark]]''. The special was one of several special 3D programmes the BBC produced at the time, using a 3D system that made use of the [[Pulfrich effect]] requiring glasses with one darkened lens; the picture would look perfectly normal to those viewers who watched without the glasses.
 
In 1999, another special, "[[Doctor Who and the Curse of Fatal Death]]", was made for [[Comic Relief]] and later released on [[VHS]]. An affectionate [[parody]] of the television series, it was split into four segments, mimicking the traditional serial format, complete with [[cliffhanger]]s, and running down the same corridor several times when being chased. (The version released on [[video]] was split into only two episodes.) In the story, the Doctor ([[Rowan Atkinson]]) encounters both [[Master (Doctor Who)|the Master]] ([[Jonathan Pryce]]) and the [[Dalek]]s. During the special the Doctor is forced to regenerate several times, with his subsequent incarnations played by, in order, [[Richard E. Grant]], [[Jim Broadbent]], [[Hugh Grant]] and [[Joanna Lumley]]. The script was written by [[Steven Moffat]], later to be head writer and executive producer to the revived series.<ref name=RTDgone/>
 
Since the return of ''Doctor Who'' in 2005, the franchise has produced two original "mini-episodes" to support Children in Need. The first was an untitled 7-minute scene (see [[Doctor Who: Children in Need]]) which served to introduce [[David Tennant]] as the new Doctor. which aired in November 2005. It was followed in November 2007 by ''[[Time Crash]]'', a 7-minute scene which featured the Tenth Doctor meeting the Fifth Doctor (played once again by [[Peter Davison]]). In 2008 the Doctor Who production team did not produce a new Children in Need mini-episode; instead, the opening scene from the 2008 Christmas special, ''[[The Next Doctor]]'' was broadcast.
 
===Spoofs and cultural references===
{{Main|Doctor Who spoofs}}
''Doctor Who'' has been satirised and spoofed on many occasions by comedians including [[Spike Milligan]] and [[Lenny Henry]]. [[Doctor Who fandom|''Doctor Who'' fandom]] has also been lampooned on programmes such as ''[[Saturday Night Live]]'', ''[[The Chaser's War on Everything]]'', ''[[Mystery Science Theater 3000]]'', ''[[Family Guy]]'', ''[[American Dad]]'' and ''[[The Simpsons]]''.
 
The Doctor in his fourth incarnation has been represented on several episodes of ''[[The Simpsons]]'', starting with the episode "[[Sideshow Bob's Last Gleaming]]".
 
[[Jon Culshaw]] frequently impersonates the Fourth Doctor in the BBC ''[[Dead Ringers (comedy)|Dead Ringers]]'' series. Culshaw's "Doctor" has telephoned four of the "real" Doctors—Tom Baker, Peter Davison, Colin Baker and Sylvester McCoy—in character as the Fourth Doctor. In the 2005 ''Dead Ringers'' Christmas special, broadcast shortly before "[[The Christmas Invasion]]", Culshaw impersonated both the Fourth and Tenth Doctors, while the Second, Seventh and Ninth Doctors were impersonated by [[Mark Perry (impressionist)|Mark Perry]], [[Kevin Connelly]] and [[Phil Cornwell]], respectively.
 
Less a spoof and more of a [[pastiche]] is the character of Professor Justin Alphonse Gamble, a renegade from the [[Time Variance Authority]], who appeared in [[Marvel Comics]]' ''[[Power Man and Iron Fist]]'' #79 and ''[[Avengers (comics)|Avengers]] Annual'' #22. His enemies include the rogue robots known as the Dredlox.<ref>{{cite web
|year =2004-09-26
|url =http://www.marvunapp.com/Appendix/jagamble.htm
|title =Professor Justin Alphone Gamble
|publisher =The Appendix to the Handbook of the Marvel Universe
|accessdate =2006-06-22
}}</ref>
 
There have also been many references to ''Doctor Who'' in popular culture and other science fiction franchises, including ''[[Star Trek: The Next Generation]]'' ("[[The Neutral Zone (Star Trek: The Next Generation)|The Neutral Zone]]", among others). In the Channel 4 series ''[[Queer as Folk (UK TV series)|Queer As Folk]]'' (created by current ''Doctor Who'' executive producer Russell T Davies), the character of Vince was portrayed as an avid ''Doctor Who'' fan, with references appearing many times throughout in the form of clips from the programme. References to ''Doctor Who'' have also appeared in the young adult fantasy novels ''[[Brisingr]]'' <ref>{{cite book
| last = Paolini
| first = Christopher
| authorlink = Christopher Paolini
| title = Brisingr
| format = Hardcover
| edition = 1st
| date = September 20 2008
| publisher = [[Alfred A. Knopf]]
| location = New York
| isbn = 0375826726
| page = 204
| chapter = Shadows of the Past
| quote = Bending over, Eragon read, ''Adrift upon the sea of time, the lonely god wanders from shore to distant shore, upholding the laws of the stars above.''}}</ref><ref>{{cite book
| last = Paolini
| first = Christopher
| authorlink = Christopher Paolini
| title = Brisingr
| format = Hardcover
| edition = 1st
| date = September 20 2008
| publisher = [[Alfred A. Knopf]]
| location = New York
| isbn = 0375826726
| page = 761
| chapter = Acknowledgments
| quote = Also, for those who understood the reference to a 'lonely god' when Eragon and Arya are sitting around the campfire, my only excuse is that the Doctor can travel everywhere, even alternate realities. Hey, I'm a fan too!}}</ref> and ''[[High Wizardry]]'',<ref>{{cite web
| year =2005-03-25
| url =http://www.youngwizards.com/ErrantryWiki/index.php/Man_In_The_Bar%2C_the
| title =Man In The Bar, the
| work =The Errantry Concordance
| publisher =[[Diane Duane]]
| accessdate =2007-07-05
}}</ref> the video game [[Rock Band (video game)|Rock Band]],<ref>{{cite web
| year =2007-11-20
| url = http://www.flickr.com/photos/zerolives/2051074285/
| title =Doctor who Love in Rock Band
| work = flickr
| publisher =zerolives
| accessdate = 2007-12-24
}}</ref> the soap opera ''[[EastEnders]]''<ref>{{cite news
| first = Sarah
| last = Nathan
| title = From Square to eternity
| url = http://www.thesun.co.uk/sol/homepage/showbiz/tv/article539976.ece
| work = [[The Sun]]
| location = London
| date = December 4 2007
| accessdate = May 7 2009
}}</ref>, the [[Adult Swim]] comedy show ''[[Robot Chicken]]'' and the ''[[Family Guy]]'' episodes "[[Blue Harvest (Family Guy)|Blue Harvest]]" and "[[420 (Family Guy)|420]]".
 
''Doctor Who'' has long been a favourite referent for political cartoonists, from a 1964 cartoon in the ''[[Daily Mail]]'' depicting [[Charles de Gaulle]] as a Dalek,<ref>{{cite news
| first = Leslie Gilbert
| last = Illingsworth
| authorlink =
| author =
| coauthors =
| title = The Degaullek (France's leader, General De Gaulle, is caricatured as a Dalek)
| url = http://www.cuttingsarchive.org.uk/news_mag/1960s/cuttings/degaulek.htm
| format = Reprint at the Doctor Who Cuttings Archive
| work = [[Daily Mail]]
| location = London
| date = 1964-11-25
| accessdate = 2008-07-16
}}</ref> to a 2008 edition of ''[[This Modern World]]'' by [[Tom Tomorrow]] in which the Tenth Doctor informs an incredulous character from 2003 that the [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic Party]] will nominate an African-American ([[Barack Obama]]) as its presidential candidate.<ref>{{cite web
| year =2008-06-10
| url =http://action.credomobile.com/comics/2008/06/the_week_that_was.html
| title =This Modern World
| work =The Week that Was
| publisher =[[Tom Tomorrow]]
| accessdate =2008-06-12
}}</ref>
 
The word "TARDIS" is an entry in the [[Shorter Oxford English Dictionary]].<ref>{{cite web
| date = 2002-09-05
| url = http://www.askoxford.com/worldofwords/wordfrom/shorter/?view=uk
| accessdate = 2009-05-15
| title = The essence of the ''Oxford English Dictionary''
}}</ref>
 
===Museums and exhibitions===
{{Main|Doctor Who exhibitions}}
There are two permanent Doctor Who exhibition museums in the [[United Kingdom]]<ref>http://www.doctorwhoexhibitions.com/</ref>:
*[[Red Dragon Centre]], [[Cardiff]], the city where the series is filmed (opened in 2005)
*Doctor Who Museum, [[Blackpool]] (closing permanently 08 November 2009)<ref name="Blackpool Exhibition Closure" >{{cite web |url= http://www.doctorwhoexhibitions.com/ |title=Blackpool Exhibition Closure |year=2009|accessdate=22 10 2009 |work=Doctor Who Museum & Exhibitions Website }}</ref>
 
 
However, in 2009–10, Doctor Who exhibitions will also be open in the following locations:
*[[Kelvingrove Art Gallery and Museum|Kelvingrove Museum]], [[Glasgow]]
*[[Coventry Transport Museum]], [[Coventry]]
*[[Land's End]], [[Cornwall]]
 
===Merchandise===
{{main|Doctor Who merchandise}}
Since its beginnings, ''Doctor Who'' has generated many hundreds of products related to the show, from [[toy]]s and [[game]]s to collectible [[Trade card|picture cards]] and [[postage stamp]]s. These include [[board game]]s, [[card game]]s, [[gamebook]]s, [[Personal computer game|computer game]]s, [[Role-playing game|roleplaying games]], [[action figure]]s and a [[Doctor Who (pinball)|pinball game]].
 
Many games have been released that feature the [[Dalek]]s, including [[Dalek#Computer games|Dalek computer games]].
 
===Books===
''Doctor Who'' books have been published from the mid-sixties through to the present day. From 1965 to 1991 the books published were primarily novelised adaptations of broadcast episodes; beginning in 1991 an extensive line of original fiction was launched, the [[Virgin New Adventures]] and [[Virgin Missing Adventures]]. Since the relaunch of the programme in 2005, a new range of novels have been published by [[BBC Books]], featuring the adventures of the Ninth and Tenth Doctors.  Numerous non-fiction books about the series, including guidebooks and critical studies, have also been published, and a dedicated ''[[Doctor Who Magazine]]'' with newsstand circulation has been published regularly since 1979.
 
*[[Past Doctor Adventures]]
 
*[[Eighth Doctor Adventures]]
 
*[[New Series Adventures (Doctor Who)|New Series Adventures]]
 
*[[List of Doctor Who novelisations]]
 
===Blackpool Illuminations===
In 2007, ''Doctor Who'' and a number of his enemies were portrayed in illuminated road features for [[Blackpool Illuminations]]. More pictures of the Doctor with his new sidekick Donna were added in 2008, along with new monsters such as the [[Ood]] and the [[Sontaran]], plus some three dimensional models of the [[Tardis]] and the [[Daleks]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sarahmyerscough.co.uk/Galleries_of_Work/Blackpool_Illuminations_Gallery/Dr_Who_2008.asp |title=Sarah Myerscough (Artist) - Dr Who 2008 - Blackpool Illuminations Gallery |accessdate=2009-08-12 |publisher=www.sarahmyerscough.co.uk}}</ref>
 
==Awards==
Although ''Doctor Who'' was fondly regarded during its original 1963–1989 run, it received little critical recognition at the time. In 1975, [[List of Doctor Who serials#Season 11 (1973–74)|Season 11]] of the series won a Writers' Guild of Great Britain award for Best Writing in a Children's Serial. In 1996, BBC television held the "Auntie Awards" as the culmination of their "TV60" season, celebrating sixty years of BBC television broadcasting, where ''Doctor Who'' was voted as the "Best Popular Drama" the corporation had ever produced, ahead of such ratings heavyweights as ''[[EastEnders]]'' and ''[[Casualty (TV series)|Casualty]]''.<ref name="auntieawards">{{cite news|title=Viewers spurn TV's golden age in poll of small screen classics as the BBC fetes its 60th birthday|first=Andrew|last=Culf|publisher=[[The Guardian]]|date=1996-11-04|page=4}}</ref> In 2000, ''Doctor Who'' was ranked third in a list of the [[100 Greatest British Television Programmes]] of the twentieth century, produced by the [[British Film Institute]] and voted on by industry professionals.<ref name="tv100">{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/911085.stm|title=Fawlty Towers tops TV hits|publisher=[[BBC News Online]]|date=2000-09-05|accessdate=2007-03-18}}</ref> In 2005, the series came first in a survey by [[SFX magazine]] of "The Greatest UK Science Fiction and Fantasy Television Series Ever". Also, in the [[100 Greatest Kids' TV shows]] (a [[Channel 4]] countdown in 2001), the 1963–1989 run was placed at number eight.
 
The revived series has received particular recognition from critics and the public, across various different awards ceremonies. These include:
 
===BAFTAs===
The [[British Academy Television Awards]] (BAFTA) nominations, released on 27 March 2006, revealed that ''Doctor Who'' had been short-listed in the "Drama Series" category. This is the highest-profile and most prestigious British television award for which the series has ever been nominated. ''Doctor Who'' was also nominated in several other categories in the BAFTA Craft Awards, including Writer ([[Russell T Davies]]), Director ([[Joe Ahearne]]), and Break-through Talent (production designer Edward Thomas). However, it did not eventually win any of its categories at the Craft Awards.
 
On 22 April 2006, the programme won five categories (out of fourteen nominations) at the lower-profile [[BAFTA Cymru]] awards, given to programmes made in Wales. It won Best Drama Series, Drama Director ([[James Hawes]]), Costume, Make-up and Photography Direction. Russell T Davies also won the [[Siân Phillips]] Award for Outstanding Contribution to Network Television.<ref>{{cite news
|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/wales/4934216.stm
|title=Doctor leads Bafta Cymru winners
|publisher=[[BBC News]]
|date=2006-04-22
|accessdate=2006-04-24
}}</ref> The programme enjoyed further success at the BAFTA Cymru awards the following year, winning eight of the thirteen categories in which it was nominated, including Best Actor for [[David Tennant]] and Best Drama Director for [[Graeme Harper]].<ref name="cymru2">{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/wales/6604115.stm|title=Dr Who sweeps Bafta Cymru board|publisher=[[BBC News Online]]|date=2007-04-29|accessdate=2007-04-29}}</ref>
 
On 7 May 2006, the winners of the [[British Academy Television Awards]] were announced, and ''Doctor Who'' won both of the categories it was nominated for, the [[British Academy Television Award for Best Drama Series|Best Drama Series]] and audience-voted Pioneer Award. Russell T Davies also won the [[Dennis Potter]] Award for Outstanding Writing for Television.<ref>{{cite news
|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/4982648.stm
|title=Doctor Who is Bafta award winner
|publisher=[[BBC News]]
|date=2006-05-08
|accessdate=2006-05-08
}}</ref> Writer [[Steven Moffat]] won the Writer category at the 2008 BAFTA Craft Awards for his 2007 ''Doctor Who'' episode "[[Blink (Doctor Who)|Blink]]".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/7395593.stm|title= Bafta glory for Channel 4's Boy A|publisher=[[BBC News Online]]|date=2008-05-12|accessdate=2008-05-13}}</ref>
 
The series also won awards at the BAFTA Cymru ceremony on 27 April 2008, including "Best Screenwriter" for Steven Moffat, "Best Director: Drama" for James Strong, "Best Director Of Photography: Drama" for [[Ernie Vincze]], "Best Sound" for the BBC Wales Sound Team and "Best Make-Up" for Barbara Southcott and Neill Gorton (of Millennium FX).<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.bafta-cymru.org.uk/english/awards/pdf/winners_2008.pdf| title=BAFTA Cymru Film, Television & New Media Awards, 2008 &ndash; WINNERS| publisher=BAFTA Cymru| format=PDF| accessdate=2009-01-05}}</ref>
 
In March 2009, it was announced that ''Doctor Who'' had again been nominated in the "Drama Series" category for the [[British Academy Television Awards]]; however, it lost out to the BBC series ''[[Wallander]]'' at the Awards on Sunday 26 April.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/7960793.stm|title=Bafta TV Awards: 2009 nominations|publisher=[[BBC News Online]]|date=24th March 2009|accessdate=24th March 2009}}</ref> The series picked up two BAFTAs at the British Academy Television Craft Awards on Sunday 17 May. Visual Effects company The Mill won the "Visual Effects" award for the episode "[[The Fires of Pompeii]]" and Philip Kloss won in the "Editing Fiction/Entertainment" category.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bafta.org/awards/television-craft/tv-craft-nominations,715,BA.html|title=British Academy Television Craft Awards in 2009: winners|publisher=[[BAFTA]]|date=17th May 2009|accessdate=17th May 2009}}</ref>
 
===Other British awards===
In 2005, at the [[National Television Awards]] (voted on by members of the British public), ''Doctor Who'' won "Most Popular Drama", Christopher Eccleston won "Most Popular Actor" and Billie Piper won "Most Popular Actress". The series and Piper repeated their wins at the 2006 National Television Awards, and David Tennant won "Most Popular Actor" in 2006 and 2007, with the series again taking the Most Popular Drama award in 2007.<ref>{{cite news
| title = Dr Who scores TV awards hat-trick
| url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/6104048.stm
| work = [[BBC News]]
| publisher = [[bbc.co.uk]]
|date= 2006-10-31
| accessdate = 2006-10-31
}}<br>{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/7071989.stm|title=Ant and Dec win three TV awards|publisher=[[BBC News Online]]|date=2007-11-01|accessdate=2007-11-01}}</ref> A scene from "[[The Doctor Dances]]" won "Golden Moment" in the BBC's "2005 TV Moments" awards,<ref>{{cite web
| month =December
| year =2005
| url =http://www.bbc.co.uk/tvmoments/winners.shtml
| title =2005 TV Moments
| publisher =[[bbc.co.uk]]
| accessdate =2006-04-24
}}</ref> and ''Doctor Who'' swept all the categories in [[Bbc.co.uk|BBC.co.uk]]'s online "Best of Drama" poll in both 2005<ref>{{cite web
| month =December
| year =2005
| url =http://www.bbc.co.uk/drama/bestof2005/
| title =Drama Best of 2005
| publisher =[[bbc.co.uk]]
| accessdate =2006-04-24
}}</ref> and 2006.<ref>{{cite web
| month =January | year =2007
| url =http://www.bbc.co.uk/drama/bestof2006/
| title =Drama Best of 2006
| publisher =[[bbc.co.uk]]
| accessdate =2007-01-16
}}</ref> The programme also won the ''[[Broadcast (magazine)|Broadcast Magazine]]'' Award for Best Drama.<ref>{{cite web
| year =2006-01-26
| url =http://www.bbc.co.uk/doctorwho/news/cult/news/drwho/2006/01/26/29141.shtml
| title =Doctor Who wins Broadcast Award
| publisher = [[bbc.co.uk]]
| accessdate =2006-04-24
}}</ref> Eccleston was awarded the TV Quick and TV Choice award for Best Actor in 2005; in the same awards in 2006 Tennant won Best Actor, Piper won Best Actress and ''Doctor Who'' won Best-Loved Drama.<ref>{{cite news
|title = Street is best soap at TV awards
|url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/4218078.stm
|work = [[BBC News]]
|date= 2005-09-06
|accessdate = 2006-09-05
}}</ref><ref>{{cite news
|title = Doctor Who lands three TV awards
|url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/5314890.stm
|work = [[BBC News]]
|date= 2006-09-05
|accessdate = 2006-09-05
}}</ref>
 
''Doctor Who'' was nominated in the Best Drama Series category at the 2006 [[Royal Television Society]] awards,<ref>{{cite news
| url=http://media.guardian.co.uk/broadcast/story/0,,1714821,00.html
| title=RTS Programme Awards - Nominations
| publisher=[[The Guardian]]
|date=2006-02-21
| accessdate=2006-04-24
}}</ref> but lost to [[BBC Three]]'s medical drama ''[[Bodies (TV series)|Bodies]]''.<ref>{{cite news
| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/4808172.stm
| title=Bleak House wins TV drama award
| publisher=[[BBC News]]
|date=2006-03-15
| accessdate=2006-04-24
}}</ref>
 
''Doctor Who'' also received several nominations for the 2006 [[Broadcasting Press Guild]] Awards: the programme for Best Drama, Eccleston for Best Actor (David Tennant was also nominated for ''[[Secret Smile]]''), Piper for Best Actress and Davies for Best Writer. However, it did not win any of these categories.<ref>{{cite web
| date =31 March 2006
| url =http://www.broadcastingpressguild.org/awards/2006.html
| title =Broadcasting Press Guild Awards 2006
| publisher =[[Broadcasting Press Guild]]
| accessdate =2006-04-24
}}</ref>
 
A panel of journalists and television executives for the annual awards given out at the [[Edinburgh Television Festival]] voted ''Doctor Who'' as the best programme of the year in 2007 and in 2008.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/6963958.stm|title= BBC One wins channel of the year|publisher=[[BBC News]]|date=2007-08-25|accessdate=2008-09-29}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/7579262.stm|title= BBC channels win festival awards|publisher=[[BBC News]]|date=2008-08-23|accessdate=2008-08-23}}</ref>
 
===Science-fiction awards===
Several episodes of the 2005 series of ''Doctor Who'' were nominated for the [[Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation, Short Form]]: "[[Dalek (Doctor Who episode)|Dalek]]", "[[Father's Day (Doctor Who)|Father's Day]]" and the double episode "[[The Empty Child]]"/"[[The Doctor Dances]]". At a ceremony at the Worldcon ([[64th World Science Fiction Convention|L.A. Con IV]]) in [[Los Angeles, California|Los Angeles]] on 27 August 2006, the Hugo was awarded to "The Empty Child"/"The Doctor Dances".<ref>{{cite web
| url = http://www.locusmag.com/2006/News/08_HugoCampbellWinners.html
| title = Hugo and Campbell Awards Winners
| work = [[Locus (magazine)|Locus Online]]
| accessdate = 2006-08-27
|date= 2006-08-26
}}</ref> "Dalek" and "Father's Day" came in second and third places respectively.<ref>{{cite web
| url = http://cluebytwelve.net/Hugos2006/07_Dramatic_Short.htm
| title = Best Dramatic Presentation, Short Form
| work = 2006 Hugo Award & Campbell Award Winners
| accessdate = 2006-08-28
|date= 2006-08-26
}}</ref> The 2006 series episodes "School Reunion", "Army of Ghosts"/"Doomsday" and "The Girl in the Fireplace" were nominated for the same category of the 2007 Hugo Awards, with "The Girl in the Fireplace" winning.<ref>{{cite web
| url = http://www.thehugoawards.org/index.php?page_id=127
| title = 2007 Hugo Awards
| publisher = World Science Fiction Society
|date=2007-09-01
| accessdate =2007-09-01
}}</ref>  The 2007 series episodes "Blink" and "Human Nature"/"The Family of Blood" also secured nominations in this category in the 2008 Hugo Awards,<ref name="Denv">{{cite web
| title = 2008 Hugo Nomination List
| work = Denvention 3: The 66th World Science Fiction Convention
| publisher = World Science Fiction Society
| year = 2008
| url = http://www.denvention.org/hugos/08hugonomlist.php
| accessdate = 2008-03-21}}</ref> with "Blink" winning the award.<ref>{{cite web
| url = http://www.thehugoawards.org/index.php?page_id=146
| title = 2008 Hugo Awards Announced
| publisher = World Science Fiction Society
|date=2008-08-09
| accessdate =2007-08-15
}}</ref> The 2008 series episodes "Silence in the Library"/"Forest of the Dead" and "Turn Left" secured nominations in this category in the 2009 Hugo awards.<ref name="Montreal">{{cite web
| title = 2009 Hugo Nomination List
| work = 2009 Hugo Award Nominations
| publisher = World Science Fiction Society
| year = 2009
| url = http://www.thehugoawards.org/?p=260
| accessdate = 2009-04-16}}</ref>
 
On 7 July 2007, the series won three Constellation Awards: [[David Tennant]] won "Best Male Performance in a 2006 Science Fiction Television Episode" for the episode "[[The Girl in the Fireplace]]", and the series itself won "Best Science Fiction Television Series of 2006" and "Outstanding Canadian Contribution to Science Fiction Film or Television in 2006". It was eligible for the latter award due to the [[Canadian Broadcasting Corporation]]'s involvement as co-producer of the series.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://constellations.tcon.ca/2007.shtml#W |title=2007 Constellation Awards |accessdate=2008-07-20 |publisher=Constellation Awards website}}</ref>
 
On 12 July 2008, the series won three Constellation Awards: David Tennant won "Best Male Performance in a 2007 Science Fiction Television Episode" for the episodes "[[Human Nature (Doctor Who episode)|Human Nature]]/[[The Family Of Blood]]", [[Carey Mulligan]] won "Best Female Performance in a 2007 Science Fiction Television Episode" for the episode "[[Blink (Doctor Who)|Blink]]" and the series itself won "Best Science Fiction Television Series of 2007".<ref>{{cite web
| url = http://constellations.tcon.ca/
| title = 2008 Constellation Awards
| publisher=Constellation Awards website
| date=2008-07-15
| accessdate =2008-07-15
}}</ref>
 
On 19 September 2009, the series was the first winner of the British Fantasy Award for Best Television Programme.<ref>{{cite web
| url = http://www.britishfantasysociety.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=369&Itemid=35
| title = 2009 British Fantasy Awards
| publisher=British Fantasy Society website
| date=2009-09-19
| accessdate =2009-09-22
}}</ref>
 
===Overseas awards===
On 8 November 2007, the series received its first mainstream American award nomination when it was nominated for the 34th Annual [[People's Choice Awards]] in the category of "Favorite Sci-Fi Show". The awards, broadcast on [[CBS]] on 8 January 2008 are voted on by the people via an [[Internet]] poll. ''Doctor Who'' faced competition from American-produced series ''[[Battlestar Galactica (2004 TV series)|Battlestar Galactica]]'' (itself a revival of an older series), and ''[[Stargate Atlantis]]''.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.showbuzz.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/11/09/movies/main3477806.shtml|title="Bourne" Earns 3 People's Choice Nods|publisher=[[Associated Press]]|date=2007-11-09|accessdate=2007-12-15}}</ref> It was defeated by ''Stargate Atlantis''.<ref>[http://www.pcavote.com/pca/ People's Choice Awards website], accessed 8 January 2008</ref> In June 2008, the series won the inaugural [[Saturn Award for Best International Series|Best International Series]] category at the [[34th Saturn Awards]], defeating its spin-off, ''Torchwood'', which was also nominated.<ref>Saturn Awards [http://www.saturnawards.org Winners list], accessed 30 June 2008</ref> The Seoul International Drama Awards 2009 honoured it with an award as The Most Popular Foreign Drama of the Year.<ref>http://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/bbcworldwide/worldwidestories/pressreleases/2009/10_october/south_korea_dw.shtml</ref>

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