Étale morphism: Difference between revisions
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'''Étale morphism''' in [[algebraic geometry]], a field of mathematics, is an algebraic analogue of the notion of a local isomorphism in the complex analytic topology. It satisfies the hypotheses of the [[implicit function theorem]], but because open sets in the [[Zariski topology]] are so large, they are not necessarily local isomorphisms. Despite this, étale maps retain many of the properties of local analytic isomorphisms, and are useful in defining the [[algebraic fundamental group]] and the [[étale topology]]. | |||
==Definition== | ==Definition== | ||
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==Étale cohomology== | ==Étale cohomology== | ||
One begins by defining a presheaf to be a contravariant functor from the underlying category of a small étale site <math>T</math> into an abelian category <math>A</math>. | One begins by defining a presheaf to be a contravariant functor from the underlying category of a small étale site <math>T</math> into an abelian category <math>A</math>. Am ''étale sheaf'' (or just ''sheaf'' if the étale site is implicit) on <math>T</math> is then a presheaf <math>F</math> such that for all coverings <math>\{U_i\to U\}\in cov(T)</math>, the diagram | ||
<math>0\to F(U_i)\to\prod_i F(U_i)\to \prod_{i,j} F(U_i\times_U U_j)</math> | |||
is exact. | |||
==<math>l</math>-adic cohomology== | |||
==Applications== | ==Applications== | ||
Deligne proved the [[Weil-Riemann hypothesis]] using étale cohomology. | Deligne proved the [[Weil-Riemann hypothesis]] using étale cohomology. | ||
Latest revision as of 10:09, 30 May 2009
Étale morphism in algebraic geometry, a field of mathematics, is an algebraic analogue of the notion of a local isomorphism in the complex analytic topology. It satisfies the hypotheses of the implicit function theorem, but because open sets in the Zariski topology are so large, they are not necessarily local isomorphisms. Despite this, étale maps retain many of the properties of local analytic isomorphisms, and are useful in defining the algebraic fundamental group and the étale topology.
Definition
The following conditions are equivalent for a morphism of schemes :
- is flat and unramified.
- is flat and the sheaf of Kähler differentials is zero; .
- is smooth of relative dimension 0.
and is said to be étale when this is the case.
The small étale site
The category of étale -schemes becomes a Grothendieck topology, if one defines the sets of coverings to be jointly-surjective collections of -morphisms ; i.e., such that the union of images covers . That this forms a grothendieck essentially follows from the following three facts:
- Open immersions are étale.
- The étale property lifts by base change: that is, if is an étale morphism, and is any morphism, then the canonical fibered projection is again étale.
- If and are such that is étale, then is étale as well.
Étale cohomology
One begins by defining a presheaf to be a contravariant functor from the underlying category of a small étale site into an abelian category . Am étale sheaf (or just sheaf if the étale site is implicit) on is then a presheaf such that for all coverings , the diagram is exact.
-adic cohomology
Applications
Deligne proved the Weil-Riemann hypothesis using étale cohomology.