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2024-03-28T22:53:37Z
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https://citizendium.org/wiki/index.php?title=Beatrix_of_the_Netherlands&diff=946662&oldid=664593
Beatrix of the Netherlands
2024-03-28T22:52:29Z
<p>improve</p>
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 17:52, 28 March 2024</td>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{Image|Beatrix.jpg|right|250px|Beatrix, Queen of The Netherlands, ca 2009}}</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{Image|Beatrix.jpg|right|250px|Beatrix, Queen of The Netherlands, ca 2009}}</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''Beatrix''' (Baarn, 31 January 1938 – ) is Queen of the Kingdom of [[The Netherlands]]. She was crowned on 30 April 1980 when she succeeded her mother, [[Queen Juliana]], who <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"> </del>abdicated on the same day.</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''Beatrix''' (Baarn, 31 January 1938 – ) is <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">the former </ins>Queen of the Kingdom of [[The Netherlands]]. She was crowned on 30 April 1980 when she succeeded her mother, [[Queen Juliana]], who <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">had </ins>abdicated on the same day<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">. Beatrix also abdicated on 30 April 2013 after exactly 33 years</ins>.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Biography==</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Biography==</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>On March 10, 1966 Princess Beatrix married [[Prince Claus|Claus George Willem Otto Frederik Geert von Amsberg]] (1926 – 2002), a German career diplomat. Claus von Amsberg was from well-to-do background, but had no noble title; to marry a commoner was at that time a very unusual step for a member of a Royal Family, a Crown-Princess at that. Still, this fact did not meet much resistance in The Netherlands and, moreover, directly after the wedding Claus was granted the title "His Royal Highness, Prince of The Netherlands". More controversial was the fact that before the wedding he still had German nationality and that he had served as an Ensign in Hitler's armies. With time, however, the protests died down and he became popular with most of the Dutch. In 2002 he died. Three sons were born of the marriage: Crown-Prince [[Willem-Alexander Claus George Ferdinand]] (April 27, 1967), Johan Friso Bernhard Christiaan David (September 25, 1968), and Constantijn Christof Frederik Aschwin (October 11, 1969).</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>On March 10, 1966 Princess Beatrix married [[Prince Claus|Claus George Willem Otto Frederik Geert von Amsberg]] (1926 – 2002), a German career diplomat. Claus von Amsberg was from well-to-do background, but had no noble title; to marry a commoner was at that time a very unusual step for a member of a Royal Family, a Crown-Princess at that. Still, this fact did not meet much resistance in The Netherlands and, moreover, directly after the wedding Claus was granted the title "His Royal Highness, Prince of The Netherlands". More controversial was the fact that before the wedding he still had German nationality and that he had served as an Ensign in Hitler's armies. With time, however, the protests died down and he became popular with most of the Dutch. In 2002 he died. Three sons were born of the marriage: Crown-Prince [[Willem-Alexander Claus George Ferdinand]] (April 27, 1967), Johan Friso Bernhard Christiaan David (September 25, 1968), and Constantijn Christof Frederik Aschwin (October 11, 1969).</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Beatrix succeeded her mother Juliana as Queen of The Netherlands in 1980 and still reigns. For her work during the year 2008 she received a salary of 4,2 million [[euro]]s from the Dutch State. She has not indicated if or when she intends to abdicate. Beatrix' mother, Juliana, and grandmother, Wilhelmina, both abdicated in old age and went into retirement; <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"> it is expected that </del>Beatrix <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">will do </del>the same <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">in the near future</del>.</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Beatrix succeeded her mother Juliana as Queen of The Netherlands in 1980 and still reigns. For her work during the year 2008 she received a salary of 4,2 million [[euro]]s from the Dutch State. She has not indicated if or when she intends to abdicate. Beatrix' mother, Juliana, and grandmother, Wilhelmina, both abdicated in old age and went into retirement; <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">and </ins>Beatrix <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">did </ins>the same <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">on 30 April 2013</ins>.</div></td></tr>
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John Leach
https://citizendium.org/wiki/index.php?title=Battle_of_Los_Angeles&diff=946661&oldid=946610
Battle of Los Angeles
2024-03-28T22:50:11Z
<p></p>
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 17:50, 28 March 2024</td>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''The Battle of Los Angeles''' was a peculiar occurrence of [[World War II]] hysteria experienced by the [[Los Angeles, California]] in the early hours of February 25, 1942. </div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''The Battle of Los Angeles''' was a peculiar occurrence of [[World War II]] hysteria experienced by the <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">residents of </ins>[[Los Angeles, California]] in the early hours of February 25, 1942. </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Two nights earlier, a [[Japan|Japanese]] [[submarine]] floating off the coast of [[Santa Barbara]] had fired up to 25 five-inch shells at the Ellwood petroleum refinery, and fear and paranoia subsequently swept through a Southern California population terrified of a land-based Japanese invasion. It was, after all, just two months following the surprise [[Attack on Pearl Harbor]], the event which had brought the [[United States of America]] into [[World War II]]. </div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Two nights earlier, a [[Japan|Japanese]] [[submarine]] floating off the coast of [[Santa Barbara]] had fired up to 25 five-inch shells at the Ellwood petroleum refinery, and fear and paranoia subsequently swept through a Southern California population terrified of a land-based Japanese invasion. It was, after all, just two months following the surprise [[Attack on Pearl Harbor]], the event which had brought the [[United States of America]] into [[World War II]]. </div></td></tr>
</table>
Pat Palmer
https://citizendium.org/wiki/index.php?title=Baltimore_bridge_collapse&diff=946660&oldid=946658
Baltimore bridge collapse
2024-03-28T22:37:34Z
<p>images to right</p>
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 17:37, 28 March 2024</td>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File:FBI Baltimore MV Dali.webp|<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">left</del>|thumb|MV ''Dali'' and collapsed bridge]]</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File:FBI Baltimore MV Dali.webp|<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">right</ins>|thumb|MV ''Dali'' and collapsed bridge]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File:Francis Scott Key Bridge.jpg|thumb|Francis Scott Key bridge]]</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File:Francis Scott Key Bridge.jpg<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">|right</ins>|thumb|Francis Scott Key bridge]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The '''Baltimore bridge collapse''' occurred on 26 March 2024 after a Singapore-registered container ship, the MV ''Dali'', suffered engine failure and collided with a support pillar of the Francis Scott Key truss bridge<ref name=TB>Read [[Wikipedia:Truss bridge|more about truss bridges]].</ref> across the [[Wikipedia:Patapsco River|Patapsco River]] in [[Baltimore, Maryland]]. As a result of the collision, multiple spans of the bridge collapsed into the river. Realising that the fully-loaded ship was out of their control, the crew sent out distress calls. The authorities quickly closed the bridge to vehicles but were helpless to save six members of a construction crew who were reported missing, presumed dead, after the collapse.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/francis-scott-key-bridge-baltimore-collapse-container-ship/ |title=Part of Francis Scott Key Bridge in Baltimore collapses after being hit by large ship; cars in water |work=CBS News |date=March 26, 2024}}</ref></div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The '''Baltimore bridge collapse''' occurred on 26 March 2024 after a Singapore-registered container ship, the MV ''Dali'', suffered engine failure and collided with a support pillar of the Francis Scott Key truss bridge<ref name=TB>Read [[Wikipedia:Truss bridge|more about truss bridges]].</ref> across the [[Wikipedia:Patapsco River|Patapsco River]] in [[Baltimore, Maryland]]. As a result of the collision, multiple spans of the bridge collapsed into the river. Realising that the fully-loaded ship was out of their control, the crew sent out distress calls. The authorities quickly closed the bridge to vehicles but were helpless to save six members of a construction crew who were reported missing, presumed dead, after the collapse.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/francis-scott-key-bridge-baltimore-collapse-container-ship/ |title=Part of Francis Scott Key Bridge in Baltimore collapses after being hit by large ship; cars in water |work=CBS News |date=March 26, 2024}}</ref></div></td></tr>
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John Leach
https://citizendium.org/wiki/index.php?title=Baltimore_bridge_collapse/Definition&diff=946659&oldid=946657
Baltimore bridge collapse/Definition
2024-03-28T22:34:18Z
<p>defined</p>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">At approximately 1:40am, March 26, </del>2024<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">, the [[MV Dali|MV ''Dali'']], </del>a <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">large [[</del>container ship<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">]], </del>collided with <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[</del>Baltimore, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Maryland]]'s [[Francis Scott Key Bridge]], knocking the bridge down and killing maintenance workers</del></div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>2024 <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">maritime disaster; </ins>a <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">fully-laden </ins>container ship collided with <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">a road bridge in </ins>Baltimore <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">harbor</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">causing it to collapse.</ins></div></td></tr>
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John Leach
https://citizendium.org/wiki/index.php?title=Baltimore_bridge_collapse&diff=946658&oldid=946656
Baltimore bridge collapse
2024-03-28T21:37:26Z
<p>copyedited</p>
<a href="https://citizendium.org/wiki/index.php?title=Baltimore_bridge_collapse&diff=946658&oldid=946656">Show changes</a>
John Leach
https://citizendium.org/wiki/index.php?title=Baltimore_bridge_collapse/Definition&diff=946657&oldid=946650
Baltimore bridge collapse/Definition
2024-03-28T20:35:29Z
<p>collided</p>
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 15:35, 28 March 2024</td>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>At approximately 1:40am, March 26, 2024, the [[MV Dali|MV ''Dali'']], a large [[container ship]], <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">allided </del>with [[Baltimore, Maryland]]'s [[Francis Scott Key Bridge]], knocking the bridge down and killing maintenance workers</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>At approximately 1:40am, March 26, 2024, the [[MV Dali|MV ''Dali'']], a large [[container ship]], <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">collided </ins>with [[Baltimore, Maryland]]'s [[Francis Scott Key Bridge]], knocking the bridge down and killing maintenance workers</div></td></tr>
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John Leach
https://citizendium.org/wiki/index.php?title=Baltimore_bridge_collapse&diff=946656&oldid=946646
Baltimore bridge collapse
2024-03-28T18:32:59Z
<p>adding a pointer to another site for info on what a "truss bridge" is</p>
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 13:32, 28 March 2024</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="4" class="diff-multi" lang="en">(4 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l2">Line 2:</td>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File:FBI Baltimore MV Dali.webp | left | thumb | MV ''Dali'' and collapsed bridge]]</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File:FBI Baltimore MV Dali.webp | left | thumb | MV ''Dali'' and collapsed bridge]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File:Francis Scott Key Bridge.jpg | thumb | Francis Scott Key bridge]]</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File:Francis Scott Key Bridge.jpg | thumb | Francis Scott Key bridge]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>At approximately 1:40am, March 26, 2024, the freighter [[MV Dali|''Dali'']] <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">allided </del>with the [[Francis Scott Key bridge]] in [[Baltimore, Maryland]].<ref name=Nbc2024-03-26/><ref name=Nytimes2024-03-26/><ref name=cbsnews2024-03-26/></div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>At approximately 1:40am, March 26, 2024, the freighter [[MV Dali|''Dali'']] <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">collided </ins>with the [[Francis Scott Key bridge]] in [[Baltimore, Maryland]].<ref name=Nbc2024-03-26/><ref name=Nytimes2024-03-26/><ref name=cbsnews2024-03-26/></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Multiple spans of the [[truss bridge]] collapsed into the [[Patapsco River]]. </div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Multiple spans of the [[truss bridge]]<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"><ref name=TB>Read [[Wikipedia:Truss bridge|more about truss bridges]].</ref> </ins>collapsed into the [[Patapsco River]]. </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The crew of the ''Dali'' sent out a ''"[[Mayday]]"'', reporting engine failure, and anticipating an allision, and bridge authorities set in motion steps to prevent vehicles using the bridge, a step believed to have saved lives.<ref name=Nytimes2024-03-26/> However, workers were conducting maintenance on the bridge, and are now missing. Two survivors were rescued shortly after the collapse, with one sent to the hospital with life-threatening injuries.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The crew of the ''Dali'' sent out a ''"[[Mayday]]"'', reporting engine failure, and anticipating an allision, and bridge authorities set in motion steps to prevent vehicles using the bridge, a step believed to have saved lives.<ref name=Nytimes2024-03-26/> However, workers were conducting maintenance on the bridge, and are now missing. Two survivors were rescued shortly after the collapse, with one sent to the hospital with life-threatening injuries.</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The ''Dali'' is a [[container ship]], based in [[Singapore]], built in 2015.<ref name=TheGuardian2024-03-26/></div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The ''Dali'' is a [[container ship]], based in [[Singapore]], built in 2015.<ref name=TheGuardian2024-03-26/></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>She is reported to have <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">allided </del>with the bridge due to engine failure. The ''Dali'' previously <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">allided </del>with a bridge, in [[Antwerp]], in 2016.</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>She is reported to have <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">collided </ins>with the bridge due to engine failure. The ''Dali'' previously <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">collided </ins>with a bridge, in [[Antwerp<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">, Belgium</ins>]], in 2016.</div></td></tr>
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Pat Palmer
https://citizendium.org/wiki/index.php?title=Alberto_Mora_(lawyer)&diff=946651&oldid=946645
Alberto Mora (lawyer)
2024-03-28T17:46:39Z
<p></p>
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 12:46, 28 March 2024</td>
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Pat Palmer
https://citizendium.org/wiki/index.php?title=Baltimore_bridge_collapse/Definition&diff=946650&oldid=0
Baltimore bridge collapse/Definition
2024-03-28T17:19:26Z
<p>first draft</p>
<p><b>New page</b></p><div><noinclude>{{subpages}}</noinclude><br />
At approximately 1:40am, March 26, 2024, the [[MV Dali|MV ''Dali'']], a large [[container ship]], allided with [[Baltimore, Maryland]]'s [[Francis Scott Key Bridge]], knocking the bridge down and killing maintenance workers</div>
George Swan
https://citizendium.org/wiki/index.php?title=Template:Baltimore_bridge_collapse/Metadata&diff=946649&oldid=0
Template:Baltimore bridge collapse/Metadata
2024-03-28T17:15:12Z
<p>first draft</p>
<p><b>New page</b></p><div>{{#switch: {{{info}}}<br />
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George Swan
https://citizendium.org/wiki/index.php?title=Talk:Baltimore_bridge_collapse&diff=946648&oldid=946647
Talk:Baltimore bridge collapse
2024-03-28T17:12:06Z
<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Provenance: </span> new section</span></p>
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 12:12, 28 March 2024</td>
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<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">== Provenance ==</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">I am the sole author of the material I ported here, so no attribution to any other source is required. [[User:George Swan|George Swan]] ([[User talk:George Swan|talk]]) 12:12, 28 March 2024 (CDT)</ins></div></td></tr>
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George Swan
https://citizendium.org/wiki/index.php?title=Talk:Baltimore_bridge_collapse&diff=946647&oldid=0
Talk:Baltimore bridge collapse
2024-03-28T17:11:06Z
<p>{{subpages}}</p>
<p><b>New page</b></p><div>{{subpages}}</div>
George Swan
https://citizendium.org/wiki/index.php?title=Baltimore_bridge_collapse&diff=946646&oldid=0
Baltimore bridge collapse
2024-03-28T17:10:45Z
<p>first draft here</p>
<p><b>New page</b></p><div>{{subpages}}<br />
[[File:FBI Baltimore MV Dali.webp | left | thumb | MV ''Dali'' and collapsed bridge]]<br />
[[File:Francis Scott Key Bridge.jpg | thumb | Francis Scott Key bridge]]<br />
At approximately 1:40am, March 26, 2024, the freighter [[MV Dali|''Dali'']] allided with the [[Francis Scott Key bridge]] in [[Baltimore, Maryland]].<ref name=Nbc2024-03-26/><ref name=Nytimes2024-03-26/><ref name=cbsnews2024-03-26/><br />
Multiple spans of the [[truss bridge]] collapsed into the [[Patapsco River]]. <br />
<br />
The crew of the ''Dali'' sent out a ''"[[Mayday]]"'', reporting engine failure, and anticipating an allision, and bridge authorities set in motion steps to prevent vehicles using the bridge, a step believed to have saved lives.<ref name=Nytimes2024-03-26/> However, workers were conducting maintenance on the bridge, and are now missing. Two survivors were rescued shortly after the collapse, with one sent to the hospital with life-threatening injuries.<br />
<br />
The {{convert|8636|ft|m}} long bridge was completed in 1977, and was crossed by 11.5 million vehicles per year.<ref name=Nytimes2024-03-26/><ref name=King5When2024-03-26/> When built, the bridges's central span was the third longest truss bridge span in the world. The water depth under the bridge is {{convert|50|ft|m}}.<br />
<br />
The ''Dali'' is a [[container ship]], based in [[Singapore]], built in 2015.<ref name=TheGuardian2024-03-26/><br />
She is reported to have allided with the bridge due to engine failure. The ''Dali'' previously allided with a bridge, in [[Antwerp]], in 2016.<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist|refs= <br />
<ref name=TheGuardian2024-03-26><br />
{{cite news<br />
| url = https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2024/mar/26/baltimore-bridge-ship-previous-collision-antwerp-2016<br />
| title = Cargo ship that hit Baltimore bridge was involved in Antwerp collision in 2016<br />
| date = 2024-03-26<br />
| access-date = 2024-03-26<br />
}}<br />
</ref><br />
<br />
<ref name=Nytimes2024-03-26><br />
{{Cite news <br />
| url = https://www.nytimes.com/2024/03/26/us/ship-hits-baltimore-key-bridge.html<br />
| title = Cargo Ship Hits Key Bridge in Baltimore, Triggering Partial Collapse <br />
| author = John Yoon<br />
| work = [[The New York Times]]<br />
| date = March 26, 2024 <br />
| url-status = live <br />
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20240326072440/https://www.nytimes.com/2024/03/26/us/ship-hits-baltimore-key-bridge.html <br />
| archive-date=March 26, 2024 |access-date=March 26, 2024 <br />
}}<br />
</ref><br />
<br />
<ref name=cbsnews2024-03-26><br />
{{Cite news <br />
| url = https://www.cbsnews.com/news/francis-scott-key-bridge-baltimore-collapse-container-ship/ <br />
| title = Part of Francis Scott Key Bridge in Baltimore collapses after being hit by large ship; cars in water <br />
| work = [[CBS News]]<br />
| date=March 26, 2024 <br />
| url-status=live <br />
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240326083604/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/francis-scott-key-bridge-baltimore-collapse-container-ship/ <br />
|archive-date=March 26, 2024 <br />
|access-date=March 26, 2024<br />
}}<br />
</ref><br />
<br />
<ref name=King5When2024-03-26><br />
{{cite news <br />
| url = https://www.king5.com/article/news/nation-world/how-old-is-the-francis-scott-key-bridge/507-900c3175-d893-4879-b467-3af7eaf8f07f#:~:text=How%20long%20is%20the%20Francis,world%20when%20it%20was%20built.<br />
| title = Baltimore bridge collapse: When was the Francis Scott Key Bridge built?<br />
| work = [[King 5 News]]<br />
| author = <br />
| date = <br />
| page = <br />
| location = <br />
| isbn = <br />
| language = <br />
| trans-title = <br />
| trans_title = <br />
| archiveurl = <br />
| archivedate = <br />
| accessdate = 2024-03-26<br />
| url-status = live<br />
| quote = <br />
}}<br />
</ref><br />
<br />
{{cite news <br />
| url = <br />
| title = <br />
| work = <br />
| author = <br />
| date = <br />
| page = <br />
| location = <br />
| isbn = <br />
| language = <br />
| trans-title = <br />
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| archiveurl = <br />
| archivedate = <br />
| accessdate = 2024-03-26<br />
| url-status = live <br />
| quote = <br />
}}<br />
</ref><br />
<br />
{{cite news <br />
| url = <br />
| title = <br />
| work = <br />
| author = <br />
| date = <br />
| page = <br />
| location = <br />
| isbn = <br />
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| archiveurl = <br />
| archivedate = <br />
| accessdate = 2024-03-26<br />
| url-status = live<br />
| quote = <br />
}}<br />
</ref><br />
<br />
<ref name=Nbc2024-03-26><br />
{{cite news <br />
| url = https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/live-blog/francis-scott-key-bridge-collapse-live-updates-rcna145049<br />
| title = Francis Scott Key Bridge collapse live updates: Ship hits major bridge in Baltimore<br />
| work = [[NBC News]]<br />
| author = <br />
| date = 2024-03-26<br />
| page = <br />
| location = <br />
| isbn = <br />
| language = <br />
| archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20240326110709/https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/live-blog/francis-scott-key-bridge-collapse-live-updates-rcna145049<br />
| archivedate = 2024-03-26<br />
| accessdate = 2024-03-26<br />
| url-status = live<br />
| quote = <br />
}}<br />
</ref><br />
}}</div>
George Swan
https://citizendium.org/wiki/index.php?title=Alberto_Mora_(lawyer)&diff=946645&oldid=946642
Alberto Mora (lawyer)
2024-03-28T16:38:12Z
<p></p>
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 11:38, 28 March 2024</td>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>| occupation = former [[General Counsel of the Navy]]</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>| occupation = former [[General Counsel of the Navy]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>}}</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>}}</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''Alberto Mora''' (1952-?) was the [[American people|U.S.]] [[General Counsel of the Navy]] in 2002<ref name=TheNewYorker2006-02-27/> when [[David Brant]], then the Director of the [[U.S. Naval Criminal Investigation Service]] ([[NCIS]]) informed Mora that interrogators were torturing individuals held in the newly created Guantanamo Bay detention camps.<ref name=TheNewYorker2006-02-27/><ref name=tjaglcsAlbertoMoraLecture2019/><ref name=witnesstoguantanamo2011-03-11/></div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''Alberto Mora''' (1952-?) <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">was an attorney for the U.S. Navy who wrote a 20-page memo in 2004 to the Navy's Inspector General advocating against the Navy allowing itself to become involved in torture. Mora </ins>was the [[American people|U.S.]] [[General Counsel of the Navy]] in 2002<ref name=TheNewYorker2006-02-27/> when [[David Brant]], then the Director of the [[U.S. Naval Criminal Investigation Service]] ([[NCIS]]) informed Mora that interrogators were torturing individuals held in the newly created Guantanamo Bay detention camps.<ref name=TheNewYorker2006-02-27/><ref name=tjaglcsAlbertoMoraLecture2019/><ref name=witnesstoguantanamo2011-03-11/></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>After consulting with colleagues </div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>After consulting with colleagues </div></td></tr>
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Pat Palmer
https://citizendium.org/wiki/index.php?title=Alberto_Mora_(lawyer)/Definition&diff=946644&oldid=942024
Alberto Mora (lawyer)/Definition
2024-03-28T16:37:39Z
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 11:37, 28 March 2024</td>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Attorney; Mars, Incorporated; Policy Advisory Committee, Constitution Project; Board of Trustees, [[Freedom House]]; signatory, "Beyond Guantanamo"; Former General Counsel, [[</del>U.S. <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Department of </del>the Navy<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">]]</del></div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">(1952-?) attorney for the </ins>U.S. <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Navy who wrote a 20-page memo in 2004 to </ins>the Navy<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">'s Inspector General advocating against the Navy allowing itself to become involved in torture.</ins></div></td></tr>
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Pat Palmer
https://citizendium.org/wiki/index.php?title=Alberto_Mora_(lawyer)&diff=946642&oldid=946640
Alberto Mora (lawyer)
2024-03-28T16:35:25Z
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<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>| birth_date = 1952<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">-04-11</del></div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>| birth_date = 1952</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>| birth_place = [[Boston, Massachusetts]]</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>| birth_place = [[Boston, Massachusetts]]</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>}}</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>}}</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''Alberto Mora''' was the [[American people|U.S.]] [[General Counsel of the Navy]] in 2002<ref name=TheNewYorker2006-02-27/> when [[David Brant]], then the Director of the [[U.S. Naval Criminal Investigation Service]] ([[NCIS]]) informed Mora that interrogators were torturing individuals held in the newly created Guantanamo Bay detention camps.<ref name=TheNewYorker2006-02-27/><ref name=tjaglcsAlbertoMoraLecture2019/><ref name=witnesstoguantanamo2011-03-11/></div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''Alberto Mora''' <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">(1952-?) </ins>was the [[American people|U.S.]] [[General Counsel of the Navy]] in 2002<ref name=TheNewYorker2006-02-27/> when [[David Brant]], then the Director of the [[U.S. Naval Criminal Investigation Service]] ([[NCIS]]) informed Mora that interrogators were torturing individuals held in the newly created Guantanamo Bay detention camps.<ref name=TheNewYorker2006-02-27/><ref name=tjaglcsAlbertoMoraLecture2019/><ref name=witnesstoguantanamo2011-03-11/></div></td></tr>
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Pat Palmer
https://citizendium.org/wiki/index.php?title=Alberto_Mora_(lawyer)&diff=946640&oldid=943805
Alberto Mora (lawyer)
2024-03-28T16:13:14Z
<p>trim</p>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>In 2006, Mora was chosen as a [[John F. Kennedy Profile in Courage Award|John F. Kennedy Profile in Courage Award Recipient]], for his efforts to prevent the use of torture.<ref name=JRKProfileInCourageAward/></div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>In 2006, Mora was chosen as a [[John F. Kennedy Profile in Courage Award|John F. Kennedy Profile in Courage Award Recipient]], for his efforts to prevent the use of torture.<ref name=JRKProfileInCourageAward/></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></del></div></td><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-added"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">== Provenance ==</del></div></td><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-added"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">{{WPAttribution}}</del></div></td><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-added"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==References==</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==References==</div></td></tr>
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</table>
George Swan
https://citizendium.org/wiki/index.php?title=Template:Alberto_Mora_(lawyer)/Metadata&diff=946639&oldid=919610
Template:Alberto Mora (lawyer)/Metadata
2024-03-28T16:08:36Z
<p>rough work</p>
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td>
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 11:08, 28 March 2024</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l6">Line 6:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 6:</td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>| abc = Mora, Alberto, lawyer</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>| abc = Mora, Alberto, lawyer</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>| cat_check = no <!--yes if someone should check the categories--></div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>| cat_check = no <!--yes if someone should check the categories--></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>| status = <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">3 </del> <!--1 developed, 2 developing, 3 stub, 4 external--></div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>| status = <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">2 </ins> <!--1 developed, 2 developing, 3 stub, 4 external--></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>| underlinked = no <!--yes if orphan--></div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>| underlinked = no <!--yes if orphan--></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>| cleanup = yes <!--yes if basic cleanup has been done--></div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>| cleanup = yes <!--yes if basic cleanup has been done--></div></td></tr>
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</table>
George Swan
https://citizendium.org/wiki/index.php?title=Phytase&diff=946638&oldid=945629
Phytase
2024-03-28T15:39:22Z
<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Breadmaking</span></span></p>
<table style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122;" data-mw="interface">
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 10:39, 28 March 2024</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="4" class="diff-multi" lang="en">(10 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l1">Line 1:</td>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{subpages}}</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{subpages}}</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{TOC|right}}</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{TOC|right}}</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''Phytase''' is an [[enzyme]] that can break down the undigestible <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[</del>phytic acid<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">]] </del>(phytate) <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">part </del>that is found in [[grain]]s <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">and [[oil seeds]] </del>and thus release digestible [[iron]], [[phosphorus]] and [[calcium]]. </div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''Phytase''' is an [[enzyme]] that can break down the undigestible phytic acid (phytate) that is found in <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">the outer sheath of </ins>[[grain]]s and thus release digestible [[iron]], [[phosphorus]] and [[calcium]]. </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Phytase plays a significant role in human nutrition, especially of [[human iron metabolism|iron]], because it releases minerals in bread and grains, allowing assimilation in the human digestive system. It is also an important supplement for domestic [[pig]]s.<ref>{{citation</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Phytase plays a significant role in human nutrition, especially of [[human iron metabolism|iron]], because it releases minerals in bread and grains, allowing assimilation in the human digestive system. It is also an important supplement for domestic [[pig]]s.<ref>{{citation</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> | journal = J Swine Health Prod. | year = 2010 | volume = 18 | issue = 2| pages = 87–91.}}</ref></div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> | journal = J Swine Health Prod. | year = 2010 | volume = 18 | issue = 2| pages = 87–91.}}</ref></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Soaking whole grains such as brown rice or [[barley]] overnight for <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">about </del>12 hours in <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">room temperature (or slightly warmer) </del>water allows the phytase enzyme to remove the phytic acid from the grain coverings, making them more digestible. <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">By the next morning, tiny dots in the water will indicate that the enzyme has done its job of leaching out the phytates from the grain coverings. Grains soaked in this manner may then be cooked in their soak water, which may contain other nutrients from the grains.</del></div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">==Soaking whole grains==</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Soaking whole grains such as brown rice<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">, wheat </ins>or [[barley]] overnight for <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">8 to </ins>12 hours in <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">dechlorinated </ins>water allows the phytase enzyme <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">already present in the environment (or the grain itself) </ins>to remove the phytic acid from the grain coverings, making them more digestible. </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Phytate molecules are </del>too <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">large </del>to <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">pass across </del>the <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">stomach lining and into </del>the <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">bloodstream</del>. The <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">molecules are also unaffected by digestive juices </del>and <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">colonic bacteria</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">so are lost </del>in the <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">excreta</del>.</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">The standard practice is to start grains soaking at bedtime for cooking the next day. Start the soak with two cups of dechlorinated ''warm'' (but not </ins>too <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">hot to touch) water per one cup of whole grain. An easy way </ins>to <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">achieve </ins>the <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">desired warmth is to bring less than half the soak water close to a boil, then add it to the rest of </ins>the <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">water which is at room temperature</ins>. <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"> </ins>The <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">combined water should feel warm, but not too hot to touch. Then add the grain to be soaked. Wheat, rye, barley, hato mugi </ins>and <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">brown rice can benefit from soaking in this manner. Do not refrigerate</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">but cover while leaving a crack for air to get </ins>in <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">and out. By the next morning, tiny dots in the water will indicate that the enzyme has done its job of leaching out the phytates from the grain coverings. To see these dots, examine </ins>the <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">water with light reflecting onto its surface</ins>.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Use</del>==</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">People disagree on whether grains soaked in this manner should then be cooked in their soak water, which may contain other nutrients from the grains, or whether the water should be changed before cooking. Phytate molecules are too large to pass across the stomach lining and into the bloodstream. The molecules are also unaffected by digestive juices and colonic bacteria, so are lost in the excreta. However, some people believe that phytate actually combines with minerals in the gut, acting as an anti-nutrient or having a leaching effect. Thus, it is possibly better to discard the soak water and cook soaked grains in fresh water after soaking. </ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>A loaf of bread made using a home [[bread machine]] <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">or the [[Chorleywood Bread Process]] was </del>not <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">allowed </del>time for the [[phytase]] enzyme to break the phytic acid bonding with mineral constituents in the grain. Traditional bread making produces a mix that spends 8-12 hours or more in the form of a dough, before baking. This time is required for the [[phytase]] enzymes to release the mineral constituents in the flour. (<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">All grains are similar</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">so this applies </del>to <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">rye, wheat or corn bread, etc</del>.<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">)</del></div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">To enhance and speed up the enzymatic conversion of phytic acid, cooks may save a small portion of used soak water (already rich with phytase) to add to the warm water used to soak the next batch of whole grains.</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>== <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Breadmaking </ins>==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>A loaf of bread made using a home [[bread machine]] <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">does </ins>not <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">allow </ins>time for the [[phytase]] enzyme to break the phytic acid bonding with mineral constituents in the grain<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">; hence, bread machines usually require the addition of yeast</ins>. Traditional <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">sourdough </ins>bread making produces a mix that spends 8-12 hours or more in the form of a dough, before baking. This time is required for the [[phytase]] enzymes to release the mineral constituents in the flour.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">==Animal feed supplement==</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Phytase is used as an animal [[feed supplement]] to enhance the nutritive value of plant material by liberation of inorganic phosphate from phytic acid </ins>(<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">myo-inositol hexakisphosphate) and, thereby</ins>, to <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">reduce environmental phosphorus [[pollution]]</ins>.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Phytase is used as an animal [[feed supplement]] to enhance the nutritive value of plant material by liberation of inorganic phosphate from phytic acid (myo-inositol hexakisphosphate) and, thereby, to reduce environmental phosphorus [[pollution]]. </del></div></td><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-added"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Production==</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Production==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Phytase can be purified from [[transgenic]] [[microbes]]. Phytase has been produced recently in transgenic [[canola]], [[alfalfa]] and [[rice]] plants. Phytase can also be massively produced through [[cellulosic biomass fermentation]] using [[genetically modified]] (GM) [[yeast]].</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Phytase can be purified from [[transgenic]] [[microbes]]. Phytase has been produced recently in transgenic [[canola]], [[alfalfa]] and [[rice]] plants. Phytase can also be massively produced through [[cellulosic biomass fermentation]] using [[genetically modified]] (GM) [[yeast]].</div></td></tr>
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Pat Palmer
https://citizendium.org/wiki/index.php?title=Talk:Attack_on_Pearl_Harbor&diff=946627&oldid=946625
Talk:Attack on Pearl Harbor
2024-03-28T15:04:30Z
<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Title: </span> it turned the American public pro-engagement during WWII, which is its real importance; not that the battle itself was so interesting</span></p>
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 10:04, 28 March 2024</td>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>:Without doubt, this article shows the stamp of HCB on his soapbox, showing what he considered to be his superior knowledge. I think this whole thing should be shortened and cleansed of hyperbole. Wikipedia has [[Wikipedia:Naval Station Pearl Harbor]], a balanced article about the harbor over time. Let me mull what to do about this. I have added it to my queue. [[User:Pat Palmer|Pat Palmer]] ([[User talk:Pat Palmer|talk]]) 09:53, 28 March 2024 (CDT)</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>:Without doubt, this article shows the stamp of HCB on his soapbox, showing what he considered to be his superior knowledge. I think this whole thing should be shortened and cleansed of hyperbole. Wikipedia has [[Wikipedia:Naval Station Pearl Harbor]], a balanced article about the harbor over time. Let me mull what to do about this. I have added it to my queue. [[User:Pat Palmer|Pat Palmer]] ([[User talk:Pat Palmer|talk]]) 09:53, 28 March 2024 (CDT)</div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">::In fact, obsession about the logistics of the attack itself is beside the point. To most historians, I would argue that the importance of this attack was the fact that it persuaded the U.S. population to go all in for the allies during [[World War II]]. Prior to this point, there had been a large and vocal anti-war sentiment which hampered President Roosevelt in sending aid to Britain. It's classic that HB would miss the forest for the trees; I've seen so many examples of this that it causes me to heave a big sigh. [[User:Pat Palmer|Pat Palmer]] ([[User talk:Pat Palmer|talk]]) 10:04, 28 March 2024 (CDT)</ins></div></td></tr>
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Pat Palmer
https://citizendium.org/wiki/index.php?title=User:Pat_Palmer/sandbox/todo_list&diff=946626&oldid=946621
User:Pat Palmer/sandbox/todo list
2024-03-28T15:00:09Z
<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">TO DO</span></span></p>
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 10:00, 28 March 2024</td>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* combine [[Pearl Harbor (geographical)]] with [[Attack on Pearl Harbor]] and [[Honolulu, Hawaii]]</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* combine [[Pearl Harbor (geographical)]] with [[Attack on Pearl Harbor]] and [[Honolulu, Hawaii]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">** probably just delete [[Attack on Pearl Harbor]]</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* [[Wikipedia:Mark 4 nuclear bomb]] and [[Wikipedia:List of military nuclear accidents]]</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* [[Wikipedia:Mark 4 nuclear bomb]] and [[Wikipedia:List of military nuclear accidents]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* [[The Prodigal Son]]</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* [[The Prodigal Son]]</div></td></tr>
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Pat Palmer
https://citizendium.org/wiki/index.php?title=Talk:Attack_on_Pearl_Harbor&diff=946625&oldid=946479
Talk:Attack on Pearl Harbor
2024-03-28T14:58:32Z
<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Title</span></span></p>
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 09:58, 28 March 2024</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="4" class="diff-multi" lang="en">(One intermediate revision by the same user not shown)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l86">Line 86:</td>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Title==</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Title==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Until just now, I had never seen "Attack on Pearl Harbor" used as a title and I can only conclude that someone (the usual suspect, it seems) in the discussion above had committed the deadly sin of OR and then became totally obstructive when others tried to rectify the title. Wikipedia's article is called "Attack on Pearl Harbor" and there are many examples of this usage in books and articles. I've recently been watching a rerun of ITV's brilliant ''World at War'', narrated by Laurence Olivier, and they consistently refer to Pearl Harbor as a Japanese attack, not as a battle. [[User:John Leach|John]] ([[User talk:John Leach|talk]]) 10:28, 11 January 2024 (CST)</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Until just now, I had never seen "Attack on Pearl Harbor" used as a title and I can only conclude that someone (the usual suspect, it seems) in the discussion above had committed the deadly sin of OR and then became totally obstructive when others tried to rectify the title. Wikipedia's article is called "Attack on Pearl Harbor" and there are many examples of this usage in books and articles. I've recently been watching a rerun of ITV's brilliant ''World at War'', narrated by Laurence Olivier, and they consistently refer to Pearl Harbor as a Japanese attack, not as a battle. [[User:John Leach|John]] ([[User talk:John Leach|talk]]) 10:28, 11 January 2024 (CST)</div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">:Without doubt, this article shows the stamp of HCB on his soapbox, showing what he considered to be his superior knowledge. I think this whole thing should be shortened and cleansed of hyperbole. Wikipedia has [[Wikipedia:Naval Station Pearl Harbor]], a balanced article about the harbor over time. Let me mull what to do about this. I have added it to my queue. [[User:Pat Palmer|Pat Palmer]] ([[User talk:Pat Palmer|talk]]) 09:53, 28 March 2024 (CDT)</ins></div></td></tr>
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Pat Palmer
https://citizendium.org/wiki/index.php?title=Pearl_Harbor_(geographical)&diff=946623&oldid=946620
Pearl Harbor (geographical)
2024-03-28T14:46:22Z
<p>PropDel but see Talk page first</p>
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<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{Image|PearlHarbor Sm.jpg|right|350px|Pearl Harbor as seen from the air in 2000.}}</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{Image|PearlHarbor Sm.jpg|right|350px|Pearl Harbor as seen from the air in 2000.}}</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''Pearl Harbor''', located in [[Honolulu, Hawaii]] on the island of [[O'ahu]], is a harbor in that is the home of a [[United States Navy]] base, including the headquarters of the [[United States Pacific Command]].</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''Pearl Harbor''', located in [[Honolulu, Hawaii]] on the island of [[O'ahu]], is a harbor in that is the home of a [[United States Navy]] base, including the headquarters of the [[United States Pacific Command]].</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>For the Japanese attack of December 7, 1941, see [[Attack on Pearl Harbor]].</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>For the Japanese attack of December 7, 1941, see [[Attack on Pearl Harbor]].</div></td></tr>
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Pat Palmer
https://citizendium.org/wiki/index.php?title=Talk:Pearl_Harbor_(geographical)&diff=946622&oldid=946473
Talk:Pearl Harbor (geographical)
2024-03-28T14:45:54Z
<p>merge image and info before deletion</p>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The Attack on Pearl Harbor is one of the most studied battles in history, with at least ten major investigations trying to determine if the local commanders, Admiral [[Husband Kimmel]] and [[Lieutenant General]] [[Walter Short]] were negligent. [[Communications intelligence]] had a great deal to do with awareness of the threat, although the lack of effective dissemination of warnings is a classic example of overprotecting the security of intelligence sources to the point that the information might as well not have existed. [[Roberta Wohlstetter]]'s analysis is, perhaps, the most respected, but there have been hundreds, if not thousands, of books and articles. [[User:Howard C. Berkowitz|Howard C. Berkowitz]] 21:46, 1 May 2008 (CDT)</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The Attack on Pearl Harbor is one of the most studied battles in history, with at least ten major investigations trying to determine if the local commanders, Admiral [[Husband Kimmel]] and [[Lieutenant General]] [[Walter Short]] were negligent. [[Communications intelligence]] had a great deal to do with awareness of the threat, although the lack of effective dissemination of warnings is a classic example of overprotecting the security of intelligence sources to the point that the information might as well not have existed. [[Roberta Wohlstetter]]'s analysis is, perhaps, the most respected, but there have been hundreds, if not thousands, of books and articles. [[User:Howard C. Berkowitz|Howard C. Berkowitz]] 21:46, 1 May 2008 (CDT)</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">== PropDel - merge image and info first into both of ==</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">The info (and image) in this stub should be merged into one or both of [[Honolulu, Hawaii]] and [[Attack on Pearl Harbor]] before deleting. [[User:Pat Palmer|Pat Palmer]] ([[User talk:Pat Palmer|talk]]) 09:45, 28 March 2024 (CDT)</ins></div></td></tr>
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Pat Palmer
https://citizendium.org/wiki/index.php?title=User:Pat_Palmer/sandbox/todo_list&diff=946621&oldid=946447
User:Pat Palmer/sandbox/todo list
2024-03-28T14:40:44Z
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 09:40, 28 March 2024</td>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">* combine [[Pearl Harbor (geographical)]] with [[Attack on Pearl Harbor]] and [[Honolulu, Hawaii]]</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* [[Wikipedia:Mark 4 nuclear bomb]] and [[Wikipedia:List of military nuclear accidents]]</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* [[Wikipedia:Mark 4 nuclear bomb]] and [[Wikipedia:List of military nuclear accidents]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* [[The Prodigal Son]]</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* [[The Prodigal Son]]</div></td></tr>
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Pat Palmer
https://citizendium.org/wiki/index.php?title=Pearl_Harbor_(geographical)&diff=946620&oldid=946499
Pearl Harbor (geographical)
2024-03-28T14:40:00Z
<p></p>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{subpages}}</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{subpages}}</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''Pearl Harbor''' <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">is a harbor </del>on the island of [[O'ahu]] in <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[Hawaii (U.S. state)]], [[United States of America]]. It </del>is the home of a [[United States Navy]] base, including the headquarters of the [[United States Pacific Command]].</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">{{Image|PearlHarbor Sm.jpg|right|350px|Pearl Harbor as seen from the air in 2000.}}</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''Pearl Harbor'''<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">, located in [[Honolulu, Hawaii]] </ins>on the island of [[O'ahu]]<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">, is a harbor </ins>in <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">that </ins>is the home of a [[United States Navy]] base, including the headquarters of the [[United States Pacific Command]].</div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>For the Japanese attack of December 7, 1941, see [[Attack on Pearl Harbor]].</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>For the Japanese attack of December 7, 1941, see [[Attack on Pearl Harbor]].</div></td></tr>
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Pat Palmer
https://citizendium.org/wiki/index.php?title=Honolulu,_Hawaii&diff=946618&oldid=946611
Honolulu, Hawaii
2024-03-28T14:36:00Z
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<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{Image|<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Map of Oahu</del>.<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">png</del>|right|<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">300px</del>|<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Map of Oahu island, showing the location </del>of Honolulu<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">.</del>}}</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{Image|<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Blick auf Honolulu</ins>.<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">jpg</ins>|right|<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">350px</ins>|<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">View </ins>of Honolulu <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">from Diamond Head/Lēʻahi</ins>}}</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{Image|<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Blick auf Honolulu</del>.<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">jpg</del>|right|<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">300px</del>|<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">View </del>of Honolulu <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">from Diamond Head/Lēʻahi</del>}}</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{Image|<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Map of Oahu</ins>.<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">png</ins>|right|<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">350px</ins>|<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Map of Oahu island, showing the location </ins>of Honolulu<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">.</ins>}}</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''Honolulu, Hawaii''' is the largest city on the Pacific island of Oʻahu in [[Hawaii (U.S. state)|Hawaii]]<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">, </del>and is the state's capital. While the entire island is part of Honolulu county, Honolulu the city is situated along the southeast coast of the island<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">. Residents are from </del>a mix of various Asian, Western, and Pacific cultures. Honolulu is an unincorporated city within Honolulu county. The city's wider metropolitan area had over a million residents in 2020.</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''Honolulu, Hawaii''' is the largest city on the Pacific island of Oʻahu in [[Hawaii (U.S. state)|Hawaii]] and is the state's capital. While the entire island is part of Honolulu county, Honolulu <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">(</ins>the city<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">) </ins>is situated along the southeast coast of the island <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">and includes </ins>a mix of various Asian, Western, and Pacific cultures. Honolulu is an unincorporated city within Honolulu county. The city's wider metropolitan area had over a million residents in 2020.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Honolulu has been the capital of the Hawaiian Islands since 1845, first of the independent Hawaiian Kingdom, after 1898 of the [[United States of America|U.S.]] territory, and since 1959 of the U.S. state of Hawaii. </div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Honolulu has been the capital of the Hawaiian Islands since 1845, first of the independent Hawaiian Kingdom, after 1898 of the [[United States of America|U.S.]] territory, and since 1959 of the U.S. state of Hawaii. </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The city is <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">known </del>for the [[<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Attack </del>on Pearl Harbor]] on 7 <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">December </del>1941. Pearl Harbor remains a major U.S. naval base hosting the U.S. Pacific Fleet.</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The city is <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">particularly remembered </ins>for the <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Japanese </ins>[[<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">attack </ins>on Pearl Harbor]] <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">which took place </ins>on <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">December </ins>7<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">, </ins>1941<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">, as a result of which the U.S. declared war on Japan</ins>. <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"> </ins>Pearl Harbor remains a major U.S. naval base hosting the U.S. Pacific Fleet.</div></td></tr>
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Pat Palmer
https://citizendium.org/wiki/index.php?title=Attack_on_Pearl_Harbor&diff=946614&oldid=946612
Attack on Pearl Harbor
2024-03-28T14:31:56Z
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 09:31, 28 March 2024</td>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Image:USS Arizona memorial.jpg|thumb|right|250px|{{USS Arizona memorial.jpg/credit}}<br />The USS ''Arizona'' memorial in [[Pearl Harbor (geographical)|Pearl Harbor, Hawaii]] which spans over the wreckage of the battleship.]]</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Image:USS Arizona memorial.jpg|thumb|right|250px|{{USS Arizona memorial.jpg/credit}}<br />The USS ''Arizona'' memorial in [[Pearl Harbor (geographical)|Pearl Harbor, Hawaii]] which spans over the wreckage of the battleship.]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>During [[World War II]], the [[Imperial Japanese Navy]] conducted a surprise '''attack on Pearl Harbor''' by submarine and air on December 7, 1941. While the [[United States of America|U.S.]] was already concerned about the possibility of Japanese aggression, vital information did not reach the Pearl Harbor commanders, Admiral [[Husband Kimmel]] (Navy) and [[lieutenant general|Lieutenant General]] [[Walter Short]] (Army), <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">and the attack was a tactical surprise</del>. Circumstances leading to the attack, and the battle itself, have been studied extensively, and many concepts of the discipline of intelligence and warning resulted from this action.</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>During [[World War II]], the [[Imperial Japanese Navy]] conducted a surprise '''attack on Pearl Harbor''' by submarine and air on December 7, 1941. While the [[United States of America|U.S.]] was already concerned about the possibility of Japanese aggression, vital information did not reach the Pearl Harbor commanders, Admiral [[Husband Kimmel]] (Navy) and [[lieutenant general|Lieutenant General]] [[Walter Short]] (Army), <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">in time to be of help</ins>. Circumstances leading to the attack, and the battle itself, have been studied extensively, and many concepts of the discipline of intelligence and warning resulted from this action.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>''For the geographic area, see [[Pearl Harbor (geographical)]].''</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>''For the geographic area, see [[Pearl Harbor (geographical)]].''</div></td></tr>
</table>
Pat Palmer