Spinal stenosis
Spinal stenosis is "narrowing of the spinal canal."[1][2] Spinal stenosis is a cause of low back pain.
Cause/etiology
One cause is spondylolisthesis.
Diagnosis
A clinical prediction rule exists to help diagnose spinal stenosis based on the history and physical.[3]
According to a systematic review by the Rational Clinical Examination: [4] The most useful symptoms for increasing the likelihood of spinal stenosis are:
- Having no pain when seated (LR, 7.4; 95% CI, 1.9-30)
- Improvement of symptoms when bending forward (LR, 6.4; 95% CI, 4.1-9.9)
- Bilateral buttock or leg pain (LR, 6.3; 95% CI, 3.1-13)
- Neurogenic claudication (LR, 3.7; 95% CI, 2.9-4.8)
The most useful symptoms for decreasing the likelihood of spinal stenosis are:
- Absence of neurogenic claudication (LR, 0.23; 95% CI, 0.17-0.31)
Treatment
Steroid injections
According to a randomized controlled trial, steroid injections do not provide meaningful benefit.[5]
Surgery
Surgery may improve outcome at two years in patients with spinal stenosis not from spondylolisthesis according to the Spine Patient Outcomes Research Trial (SPORT) randomized controlled trial.[6] This may be cost-effective.[7]
Surgery may improve outcome at two years in patients with spondylolisthesis according to the Spine Patient Outcomes Research Trial (SPORT) randomized controlled trial.[8]
References
- ↑ Anonymous (2023), Spinal stenosis (English). Medical Subject Headings. U.S. National Library of Medicine.
- ↑ Katz JN, Harris MB (February 2008). "Clinical practice. Lumbar spinal stenosis". N. Engl. J. Med. 358 (8): 818–25. DOI:10.1056/NEJMcp0708097. PMID 18287604. Research Blogging.
- ↑ Sugioka T, Hayashino Y, Konno S, Kikuchi S, Fukuhara S (August 2008). "Predictive value of self-reported patient information for the identification of lumbar spinal stenosis". Fam Pract 25 (4): 237–44. DOI:10.1093/fampra/cmn031. PMID 18552358. Research Blogging.
- ↑ Suri P, Rainville J, Kalichman L, Katz JN (2010). "Does this older adult with lower extremity pain have the clinical syndrome of lumbar spinal stenosis?". JAMA 304 (23): 2628-36. DOI:10.1001/jama.2010.1833. PMID 21156951. Research Blogging.
- ↑ Friedly JL, Comstock BA, Turner JA, Heagerty PJ, Deyo RA, Sullivan SD, et al. A Randomized Trial of Epidural Glucocorticoid Injections for Spinal Stenosis. New England Journal of Medicine. 2014;371(1):11–21. DOI:10.1056/NEJMoa1313265
- ↑ Weinstein JN, Tosteson TD, Lurie JD, Tosteson AN, Blood E, Hanscom B et al. (2008). "Surgical versus nonsurgical therapy for lumbar spinal stenosis.". N Engl J Med 358 (8): 794-810. DOI:10.1056/NEJMoa0707136. PMID 18287602. PMC PMC2576513. Research Blogging.
- ↑ Tosteson AN, Lurie JD, Tosteson TD, et al (December 2008). "Surgical treatment of spinal stenosis with and without degenerative spondylolisthesis: cost-effectiveness after 2 years". Ann. Intern. Med. 149 (12): 845–53. PMID 19075203. [e]
- ↑ Weinstein JN, Lurie JD, Tosteson TD, et al (2007). "Surgical versus nonsurgical treatment for lumbar degenerative spondylolisthesis". N. Engl. J. Med. 356 (22): 2257–70. DOI:10.1056/NEJMoa070302. PMID 17538085. Research Blogging.